XI B RAR.Y OF THE U N I VER.SITY or ILLINOIS 507 F45 1949-55 CENTRAL CIRCULATION BOOKSTACKS The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its renewal or its return to the hbrary from which it was borrowed on or before the Latest Date stamped below You may be charged a minimum fee of $75.00 for each lost book. Theftv motllotton, and «nd.rll«l„9 .f book, », r..,o«. TO RENEW CAU TELEPHONE CENTEX, 333-8400 UNIYEEillT Of lUINOU IfBEAEY AT UMANA-tHAJ^tir.K. MAY 1 "i 1395 MAY 1 5 ,935 When renewing by phone, write new due date below previous due date. L2^2 F45 I ©55 ANNUAL REPORT 1955 Chicago Natural History Museum STANLEY FIELD Fifty Years of Service to the Museum Member of the Board of Trustees since January 1906 President of the Museum since January 1909 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Report of the Director to thi Board of Trustees for the year 1955 CHICAGO; ILLINOIS 1956 JUL 10 19&6 UWMMmOFlUINOIS PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS son Contents PAGE Board of Trustees, 1955 11 Former Members of the Board of Trustees 12 Former Officers 13 List of Staff, 1955 14 Report of the Director 21 Membership 24 N. W. Harris Public School Extension 26 James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation 28 Department of Anthropology 36 Department of Botany 43 Department of Geology 50 Department of Zoology 57 Library 66 Motion Pictures 70 Photography and Illustration 70 Public Relations 71 Publications and Printing 74 Maintenance, Construction, and Engineering 90 Financial Statements 93 Attendance and Door Receipts 95 Accessions, 1955 97 Members of the Museum 108 Benefactors 108 Honorary Members 108 Patrons 108 Corresponding Members 109 Contributors 109 Corporate Members 110 Life Members Ill Non-Resident Life Members 112 Associate Members 112 Non-Resident Associate Members 125 Sustaining Members 126 Annual Members 126 Articles of Incorporation 145 Amended By-Laws 147 Illustrations PAGE Stanley Field, President frontispiece Chicago Natural History Museum 9 "The Landing of the Explorers" 20 School Exhibit 27 Museum Traveler 29 Presentation of "Anniversary Volume" 33 Pit-house Village 37 Anasazi Ceremonies 40 Chimantd Massif 45 Seeds 48 Land Elevations and Ocean Depths 51 Volcanic Region 53 Dinosaur Exhibit, in Preparation 56 Checking New Fishes 59 Knirsch-Brancsik Collection 61 Lizards 64 Flowering Plant 69 Poison Ivy 72 Poison Sumac 73 New Species of Thrush 77 Art Exhibit 79 Science Fair 83 Flycatchers 88 Hall G 91 SOUTH ENTRANCE, FOURTEENTH BOULEVARD CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM FORMERLY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ROOSEVELT ROAD AND LAKE SHORE DRIVE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, 1955 OFFICERS Stanley Field, President Marshall Field, First Vice-President HuGHSTON M. McBain, Second Vice-President Joseph N. Field, Third Vice-President Solomon A. Smith, Treasurer Clifford C. Gregg, Secretary John R. Millar, Assistant Secretary board of trustees Lester Armour Sewell L, Avery Wm. McCormick Blair Walther Buchen Walter J. Cummings Joseph N. Field Marshall Field Marshall Field, Jr. Stanley Field Samuel Insull, Jr. Henry P. Isham Hughston M. McBain William H. Mitchell John T. Pirie, Jr. Clarence B. Randall George A. Richardson John G. Searle Solomon A. Smith Louis Ware John P. Wilson COMMITTEES Executive — Stanley Field, Solomon A. Smith, Joseph N. Field, Wm. McCormick Blair, Hughston M. McBain, Marshall Field, John P. Wilson, Henry P. Isham, Marshall Field, Jr. Finance — Solomon A. Smith, John P. Wilson, Walter J. Cummings, Walther Buchen, Henry P. Isham, Wm. McCormick Blair, John G. Searle Building — Joseph N. Field, William H. Mitchell, Lester Armour, Louis Ware Auditing — Wm. McCormick Blair, Clarence B, Randall, Marshall Field, Jr., Louis Ware Pension — Hughston M. McBain, Sewell L. Avery, John G. Searle, John T. Pirie, Jr. 11 Former Members of the Board of Trustees George E. Adams,* 1893-1917 Owen F. Alois,* 1893-1898 Allison V. Armour,* 1893-1894 Edward E. Ayer,* 1893-1927 John C. Black,* 1893-1894 Watson F. Blair,* 1894-1928 Leopold E. Block,* 1936-1952 John Borden, 1920-1938 M. C. Bullock,* 1893-1894 Daniel H. Burnham,* 1893-1894 Harry E. Byram,* 1921-1928 William J. Chalmers,* 1894-1938 Boardman Conover,* 1940-1950 Richard T. Crane, Jr.,* 1908-1912 1921-1931 D. C. Davies,* 1922-1928 George R. Davis,* 1893-1899 Albert B. Dick, Jr.,* 1936-1954 James W. Ellsworth,* 1893-1894 Charles B. Farwell,* 1893-1894 Howard W. Fenton, 1941-1951 Henry Field,* 1916-1917 Marshall Field, Jr.,* 1899-1905 Ernest R. Graham,* 1921-1936 Frank W. Gunsaulus,* 1893-1894 1918-1921 Albert W. Harris, 1920-1941 Harlow N. Higinbotham,* 1894-1919 Emil G. Hirsch,* 1893-1894 Charles L. Hutchinson,* 1893-1894 Huntington W. Jackson,* 1894-1900 Arthur B. Jones,* 1894-1927 Chauncey Keep,* 1915-1929 William V. Kelley,* 1929-1932 George Manierre,* 1894-1924 Charles H. Markham,* 1924-1930 Cyrus H. McCormick,* 1894-1936 Charles A. McCulloch,* 1936-1945 John Barton Payne,* 1910-1911 George F. Porter,* 1907-1916 Frederick H. Rawson,* 1927-1935 Norman B. Ream,* 1894-1910 John A. Roche,* 1893-1894 Theodore Roosevelt,* 1938-1944 Martin A. Ryerson,* 1893-1932 Fred W. Sargent,* 1929-1939 Stephen C. Simms,* 1928-1937 James Simpson,* 1920-1939 Frederick J. V. Skiff,* 1902-1921 Albert A. Sprague,* 1910-1946 Silas H. Strawn,* 1924-1946 Edwin Walker,* 1893-1910 Albert H. Wetten,* 1939-1953 Leslie Wheeler,* 1934-1937 Norman Williams,* 1894-1899 William Wrigley, Jr.,* 1919-1931 * deceased 12 Former Officers PRESIDENTS FIRST VICE-PRESIDENTS SECOND VICE-PRESIDENTS THIRD VICE-PRESIDENTS SECRETARIES TREASURERS DIRECTORS Edward E. Ayer* 1894-1898 Harlow N. Higinbotham* 1898-1908 Martin A. Ryerson* 1894-1932 Albert A. Sprague* 1933-1946 Norman B. Ream* 1894-1902 Marshall Field, Jr.* 1902-1905 Stanley Field 1906-1908 Watson F. Blair* 1909-1928 Albert A. Sprague* 1929-1932 James Simpson* 1933-1939 Silas H. Strawn* 1940-1946 Albert B. Dick, Jr.* 1946-1951 Henry P. Isham 1952-1S53 Samuel Insull, Jr 1954 Albert A. Sprague* 1921-1928 James Simpson* 1929-1932 Albert W. Harris 1933-1941 Albert B. Dick, Jr.* 1942-1946 Samuel Insull, Jr. 1946-1953 Ralph Metcalf 1894 George Manierre* 1894-1907 Frederick J. V. Skiff* 1907-1921 D. C. Davies* 1921-1928 Stephen C. SIMMS* 1928-1937 Byron L. Smith* 1894-1914 Frederick J. V. Skiff* 1893-1921 D. C. Davies* 1921-1928 Stephen C. SIMMS* 1928-1937 * deceased 13 LIST OF STAFF, 1955 Clifford C. GREGfi, Sc.IX, Director John R. Millar, peputy Director E. Leland Webbeir, B.B.Ad., C.P.A., Executive Assistant DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY Paul S. Martin, Ph.Dy, Chief Curator Donald Collier, Ph.D\ Curator, South American Archaeology and Ethnology George I. Quimby, A. MA Curator, North American Archaeology and Ethnology John B. Rinaldo, Ph.D., Assistant Curator, Archaeology Elaine Bluhm, M.S., Assistant, Archaeology M. Kenneth Starr, M.A.,\Curator, Asiatic Archaeology and Ethnology Evett D. Hester, M.S., THomas J. Dee Fellow, Anthropology Roger T. Grange, M.A., Assistant, Anthropology* Whitney Halbtead, B.F.A. Assistant, Anthropology* Allen S. Liss, A.B., Assistait, Anthropology Alfred Lee Rowell, Diorarnist GusTAF Dalstrom, Artist / John Pletinckx, Ceramic Kestorerf Walter C. Reese, Preparator Agnes H. McNary, B.A/ Departmental Secretary Robert J. Braidwood, Ph.D., Research Associate, Old World Prehistory Fay-Cooper Cole, Ph.D., Sc.D., LL.D., Research Associate, Malaysian Ethnology Miguel Covarrubias, Research Associate, Primitive Art A. L. Kroeber, Ph.D., Research Associate, American Archaeology J. Eric Thompson, Dipl.Anth.Camb., Research Associate, Central American Archaeology DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Theodor Just, Ph.D., Chief Curator B. E. Dahlgren, D.M.D., Curator Emeritus Julian A. Steyermark, Ph.D., Curator, Phanerogamic Herbarium Paul C. Standley, M.S., Curator Emeritus, Phanerogamic Herbariumt J. Francis Macbride, Curator, Peruvian Botany Francis Drouet, Ph.D., Curator, Cryptogamic Herbarium John W. Thieret, Ph.D., Curator, Economic Botany. J. S. Daston, Sc.D., Assistant, Botany * resigned t deceased % retired 14 DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY (continued) Emil Sella, Curator of Exhibits Samuel H. Grove, Jr., Artist-Preparator Frank Boryca, Technician Walter Huebner, Preparator Edith M. Vincent, A.B., Research Librarian M. DiANNE Maurer, A.B., Departmental Secretary E. P. KiLLiP, A.B., Research Associate, Phanerogamic Botany Donald Richards, Research Associate, Cryptogamic Botany Earl E. Sherff, Ph.D., Research Associate, Systematic Botany Hanford Tiffany, Ph.D., Research Associate, Cryptogamic Botany Margery C. Carlson, Ph.D., Associate, Botany Archie F. Wilson, Associate, Wood Anatomy DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Sharat K. Roy, Ph.D., Chief Curator Bryan Patterson, Curator, Fossil Mammals* William D. Turnbull, Assistant Curator, Fossil Mammals Rainer Zangerl, Ph.D., Curator, Fossil Reptiles Robert H. Denison, Ph.D., Curator, Fossil Fishes David Techter, B.S., Assistant, Fossil Vertebrates Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Ph.D., Curator, Fossil Invertebrates George Langford, Curator, Fossil Plants Robert K. Wyant, B.S., Curator, Economic Geology§ Harry E. Changnon, B.S., Curator of Exhibits Orville L. Gilpin, Chief Preparator, Fossils Henry Horback, Preparator Stanley Kuczek, Preparator Henry U. Taylor, Preparator Cameron E. Gifford, B.S., Preparator Maidi Wiebe, Artist Mary Sue Hopkins Coates, B.A., Departmental Secretary* Phyllis M. Brady, Departmental Secretary Ernst Antevs, Ph.D., Research Associate, Glacial Geology Albert A. Dahlberg, D.D.S., Research Associate, Fossil Vertebrates Everett C. Olson, Ph.D., Research Associate, Fossil Vertebrates R. H. Whitfield, D.D.S., Associate, Fossil Plants Violet Whitfield, B.A., Associate, Fossil Plants * resigned § on leave 15 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY Austin L. Rand, Ph.D., Chief Curator Karl P. Schmidt, D.Sc, Curator Emeritus Colin Campbell Sanborn, Curator, MammalsJ Philip Hershkovitz, M.S., Curator, Mammals Emmet R. Blake, M.S., Curator, Birds Robert F. Inger, Ph.D., Curator, Amphibians and Reptiles Hymen Marx, B.S., Assistant, Reptiles LoREN P. Woods, A.B., Curator, Fishes Pearl Sonoda, Assistant, Fishes Rupert L. Wenzel, B.A., Curator, Insects William J. Gerhard, Curator Emeritus, Insects Henry S. Dybas, B.S., Associate Curator, Insects August Ziemer, Assistant, Insects Fritz Haas, Ph.D., Curator, Lower Invertebrates D. DwiGHT Davis, Curator, Vertebrate Anatomy Sophie A. Kalinowski, Osteologist Ronald J. Lambert, Taxidermist Carl W. Cotton, Taxidermist Dominick Villa, Tanner Joseph B. Krstolich, Artist Margaret G. Bradbury, B.S., Artist* Laura Brodie, Assistant, Zoology Betty Lou Lesk, Departmental Secretary 1[ Ruth Johnson Andris, Departmental Secretary Gregorio Bondar, Research Associate, Insects Rudyerd Boulton, B.S., Research Associate, Birds Alfred E. Emerson, Ph.D., Research Associate, Insects Ch'eng-chao Liu, Ph.D., Research Associate, Reptiles Ruth Marshall, Ph.D., Research Associate, Arachnidsf Orlando Park, Ph.D., Research Associate, Insects Clifford H. Pope, B.S., Research Associate, Amphibians and Reptiles Charles H. Seevers, Ph.D., Research Associate, Insects R. M. Strong, Ph.D., Research Associate, Anatomy Robert Traub, Ph.D., Research Associate, Insects Melvin a. Traylor, Jr., A.B., Research Associate, Birds* Alex K. Wyatt, Research Associate, Insects Luis de la Torre, M.S., Associate, Mammals Marion Grey, Associate, Fishes Waldemar Meister, M.D., Associate, Anatomy Edward M. Nelson, Ph.D., Associate, Fishes Karl Plath, Associate, Birds Lillian A. Ross, Ph.B., Associate, Insects Ellen T. Smith, Associate, Birds t retired f reassigned * resigned f deceased 16 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY (continued) Robert L. Fleming, Ph.D., Field Associate Georg Haas, Ph.D., Field Associate Harry Hoogstraal, M.S., Field Associate Frederick J. Medem, Sc.D., Field Associate DioscoRO S. Rabor, M.S., Field Associate DEPARTMENT OF THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION Richard A. Martin, B.S., Curator Albert J. Franzen, Preparator and Taxidermist Arthur J. Soderling, Assistant Preparator Bertha M. Parker, M.S., Research Associate JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN'S LECTURES Miriam Wood, M.A., Chief Edith Fleming, M.A. Marie Svoboda, M.A. Dolla Cox, A.B. Harriet Smith, M.A. Jean Shultz, B.S.* Nancy Worsham* Ellen Miller THE LAYMAN LECTURER Paul G. Dallwig, LL.B.f THE LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM Administration Meta p. Howell, Librarian Marjorie a. West, A.B., Assistant to the Librarian Classification and Cataloguing M. Eileen Rocourt, M.A., in charge Maryl Andre, B.S. Dawn Davey Auerbach, B.A.* Hoshien Tchen, Ph.D., Technical Adviser, Oriental Collection Reference Katharine Williams, B.A.* Accessions, Binding, Stacks Boris Ivanov George Stosius * resigned t deceased 17 ASSOCIATE EDITORS OF MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS Lillian A. Ross, Ph.B., Scientific Publications Martha H. Mullen, B.A., Assistant Helen Atkinson MacMinn, A.M., Miscellaneous Publications PUBLIC RELATIONS COUNSEL H. B. Harte Jane Rockwell, B.A., Associate DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS Pearle Bilinske, in charge ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS Susan M. Carpenter, B.A., Secretary to the Director Marion G. Gordon, B.S., Registrar Lorraine Kratz, Assistant Registrar Forest Highland, Assistant Recorder Hilda Nordland, Assistant Recorder Jeanette Forster, Assistant Recorder ACCOUNTING A. L. Stebbins, AuditorJ Robert A. Krueger, Auditor Marion K. Hoffmann, Assistant Auditor Robert E. Bruce, Purchasing Agent THE BOOK SHOP Jessie Dudley, in charge DIVISIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION John Bayalis, Photographer Homer V. Holdren, Assistant Clarence B. Mitchell, B.A., Research Associate, Photography Douglas E. Tibbitts, B.A., Illustrator* E. John Pfiffner, Staff Artist t retired * resigned 18 DIVISION OF MOTION PICTURES John Moyer, in charge DIVISION OF PRINTING Raymond H. Hallstein, in charge Harold M. Grutzmacher, Assistant DIVISION OF MAINTENANCE James R. Shouba, Superintendent GusTAV A. Noren, Assistant Superintendent DIVISION OF ENGINEERING William E. Lake, Chief Engineer Leonard Carrion, Assistant Chief Engineer THE GUARD David Dunsmuir, Captain 19 a-^sci*? ^m"^ d^^ fc^^^S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^m *V*^^^^^| '4 Annual Report of the Director To the Trustees: I have the honor to present a report of the operation of the Museum for the year ending December 31, 1955. The increase of approximately fifty thousand dollars in the funds made available to the Museum by the Chicago Park District was received with sincere gratitude and with appreciation of the under- standing co-operation of the Chicago Park District Commissioners. Rigid economies were still required, however, and not until December was it clear that the year's operation would be completed with only a minor deficit. Income from special funds contributed in former years by generous and civic-minded Chicagoans continued to support both general and special activities of the Museum. Almost half the purchases in our Library were paid out of income from funds con- tributed by the late Huntington Jackson, Edward E. Ayer, Arthur B. Jones, and the Julius and Augusta N. Rosenwald Foundation. A portion of the cost of producing scientific publications was met by funds from the Frederick Reynolds and Abby Kettelle Babcock Foundation. Specimens for the Department of Geology were pur- chased through funds established by the late William J. and Joan A. Chalmers, while zoological collections were augmented under the provisions of the Emily Crane Chadboume Zoological F^nd. I refer elsewhere in this Report to the benefits received by the Museum from the Edward E. Ayer Lecture Foundation Fund, the James 21 Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Public School and Children's Lecture Fund, the N. W. Harris Public School Extension Fund, and the Conover Game-Bird Fund. Through the Thomas J, Dee Fellowship Fund, established in 1953, we were able to appoint during the year Evett D. Hester as Thomas J. Dee Fellow in Anthropology and Luis de la Torre as Thomas J. Dee Fellow in Zoology. In addi- tion, funds established for the general support of the Museum are providing considerably more than one half of the support of the institution. It is hoped that interested citizens will continue to rally to our support, in order that our position as a world leader may be maintained and even improved, despite the disadvantages of continuing inflation. TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS For the forty-seventh time Stanley Field was elected president of the Board of Trustees of the Museum. At his own request Samuel Insull, Jr., was relieved as second vice-president and Hughston M. McBain was elected to that position. Other officers re-elected are: Marshall Field, first vice-president; Joseph N. Field, third vice- president; Solomon A. Smith, treasurer; Clifford C. Gregg, secretary; and John R. Millar, assistant secretary. The occasion in May of the eightieth birthday of President Field permitted many of his friends to indicate their personal affection and appreciation of his immeasurable services by contributing vari- ous sums to the Museum in his honor (see the following page). From the time that he assumed its presidency in 1909 he has guided the Museum from a position of comparative obscurity to its present status of one of the world-leaders in its field. He has seen the annual attendance advance from 209,170 to more than a million people a year, which mark has been exceeded in every year since 1927. During his regime the operating budget has increased from $174,290 to almost $1,150,000. His personal contributions to the Museum are in excess of $1,800,000. The Director of the Museum, Clifford C. Gregg, was honored by Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, at its annual commencement in June, when it conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Science. The degree was given in recognition of his administration of the Museum, his military service, and his leadership in organizations serving young men, including his college fraternity, the Boy Scouts of America, and the Young Men's Christian Association at local, state, and national levels. 22 GIFTS TO THE MUSEUM Gifts of money totaling $11,031 presented in honor of the eightieth birthday of Stanley Field, President, were received by the Museum from Lester Armour, Wm. McCormick Blair, Mrs. Bruce Borland, Mrs. Dexter Cummings, Mrs. D. Mark Cummings, Joseph N. Field, Mrs. Stanley Field, Clifford C. Gregg, Hughston M. McBain, Harold Nutting, James L. Palmer, Clifford Rodman, Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert H. Scribner, Mrs. William M. Scudder, and Solomon A. Smith. President Field gave an additional $27,509.63 for endow- ment of the Museum, and Mrs. Field, who is a Benefactor of the Museum, added $1,000 to the Sara Carroll Field Fund in addition to her gift of $10,000 in honor of her husband's birthday. A gift of $1,000 was received from Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Cly- borne, of Lemont, Illinois, to be added to the Harry Vearn and Mary Elizabeth Clyborne Fund, to which fund Mr. Clyborne added $107.07. Miss Margaret B. Conover, of Chicago, added $684 to the Conover Game-Bird Fund, which was established by her brother, the late Boardman Conover, a Trustee of the Museum and Research Associate in the Division of Birds; Dr. Maurice L. Richardson, of Lansing, Michigan, added $1,250 to the Maurice L. Richardson Paleontological Fund; C. Suydam Cutting, of New York, an Honor- ary Member of the Museum, added $750 to the C. Suydam Cutting Fund; $511.78 was received from the estate of the late Mrs. Abby K. Babcock and $1,345.07 from the estate of the late Oscar E. Remmer; and S. C. Johnson and Son, Incorporated, of Racine, Wis- consin, again gave $4,000 for research on wax-bearing palms. Other gifts of money were received from George A Bates, Wm. McCormick Blair, Peder A. Christensen, G. W. Colburn Laboratory, Incorporated, Mrs. Harold B. Keith, Kraft Foods Company, Hugh- ston M. McBain, National Society of Colonial Dames of America (Illinois), Langdon Pearse, Petley Studios, Edgar J. Schoen, Mrs. Ellen T. Smith, and Mrs. Richard Zickman. Those who have given $1,000 to $100,000 in money or materials are elected Contributors by the Board of Trustees (see page 109 for roster of Contributors). Contributors elected in 1955 are: Wm. McCormick Blair, Trustee of the Museum; Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Clyborne; Hughston M. McBain, Trustee of the Museum; and Robert Trier, of Chicago. Gifts of materials received during the year are listed at the end of this Report (see page 97) and under the heading "Accessions" in the reports of the scientific departments. For the names of those who generously have given their time to the Museum as volunteer workers see pages 31 and 35. 23 MEMBERSHIP Sir Arthur Keith, F.R.S., who was a Corresponding Member of this Museum, died on January 7, 1955, at the age of eighty-eight. He was a distinguished anatomist and one of the world's leading authori- ties on fossil man and human evolution. He served as Conservator of the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons from 1908 until his retirement in 1933. In the same year he was appointed Master of the Buckston Browne Institute, where he continued research and writing until his death. He made valuable contributions to our Museum. He acted as adviser to Miss Malvina Hoffman in the selection of the racial types for her sculptures in Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall (Peoples of the World, Hall 3) and was consultant for the reconstruction of the types of fossil men in the dioramas in Hall C (Stone Age of the Old World). In 1930 the Board of Trustees of the Museum elected him a Corresponding Member. With the death on November 20, 1955, of Brother Leon (Dr. Joseph S. Sauget y Barbier) the Museum lost another of its highly esteemed Corresponding Members. His interest was the vegetation of Cuba, particularly its palms. Renowned professor at Colegio de La Salle in Vedado, Havana, he was one of the founders of that institution, with a subsequent long career as a teacher there. A monument to the founders stands in the patio of the Colegio, but the monument entirely his own will be the herbarium he established and the publications he wrote. His Contributions to the Study of the Palms of Cuba, particularly of Copernicia and Coccothrinax, which are both especially numerous in the island, extended over a period of forty years. With Brother Victorin of the University of Montreal he collaborated in Itineraires Botaniques, an account of their ex- plorations of the vegetation of Cuba, undertaken with the intention of preparing a Flora. With the premature death of the Canadian botanist, the project became the responsibility of Brother Leon, who had already completed and published one volume. Of this Flora of Cuba three volumes have been issued, while the fourth and last is still in the competent hands of his pupil and collaborator Brother Alain of the same Colegio de La Salle, co-author of the second and third volumes. These, together with his occasional papers on botanical subjects and his various other minor publica- tions, bear abundant testimony to his half century of botanical endeavor. In 1949 the Trustees of the Museum elected him a Cor- responding Member (see page 109 for roster of Corresponding Members — scientists or patrons of science, residing in foreign countries, who have rendered eminent service to the Museum), 24 The growing interest of the pubHc in Chicago Natural History Museum and its activities is shown by the increase in the number of new Members enrolled in 1955. At the close of the year 5,495 Members were on the Museum roster. The number of Members in each membership classification was as follows: Benefactors — 25 Honorary Members — 9; Patrons — 15; Corresponding Members — 5 Contributors — 201; Corporate Members — 39; Life Members — 125 Non-Resident Life Members — 26; Associate Members — 2,170; Non- Resident Associate Members — 16; Sustaining Members — 27; Annuxil Members — 2,837, Grateful appreciation is here expressed to our many Members, whose loyal support helps to make possible the con- tinuance of our scientific and educational work. The names of all Members of the Museum during 1955 are listed at the end of this Report under the various classes of membership. MEMBERS' NIGHT The fifth annual Members' Night was held at the Museum on the evening of Friday, October 7, when members of the Museum staff were hosts to 1,093 guests. The exhibition hall featured on this occasion was the Hall of Physical Geology (Hall 34), which was referred to in the press as the "Hall of the Earth" (see page 55). The new hall shows in systematic presentation the action of the forces that have molded and modified the surface of the earth, and, centered in the hall, four spectacular dioramas by George Marchand, of Ebenezer, New York, illustrate glacial erosion, surface-water erosion, ground-water erosion, and volcanic action. Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator of Geology, spoke to a full house in James Simpson Theatre at the showing of his motion pictures of all phases of volcanic action from first causes to final effects. Other features of the evening were the display of hummingbirds, in which their iridescent colors are brought out by separate spotlights (Hall 20), and three dioramas of Indian life (Hall 7). The rooms of the scientific departments as well as the Library of the Museum were open for inspection, and visitors gained much interesting information about work behind the scenes in the Museum. Thirteen guided tours were organized to take our guests to various parts of the Museum and to explain briefly the Museum's objectives and methods, after which visitors were invited to look around at will, devoting their time to things that interested them most. Members of the Museum staff look upon Members' Night as their opportunity to express thanks and appreciation to those who so loyally support their efforts. 25 THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION "The N. W. Harris Public School Extension of Field Museum" was founded in 1912 by the late Norman W. Harris through a gift of a quarter of a million dollars. Mr, Harris directed that the income from this fund should be used for extension work in the public schools of the city of Chicago. Subsequently it was agreed that Mr. Harris had not desired to exclude parochial or private schools because education of the children of Chicago was his aim. The fund was later augmented by gifts from Albert W. Harris and other members of the Harris family. The Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension carries out the purposes for which it was created by building and distributing, on regular schedule throughout the school year, port- able exhibits illustrating subjects associated with the basic scope of the Museum. Circulation of portable exhibits continued during 1955 in accordance with procedures established in past years. Through the periods of circulation (January 3 to June 22 and September 12 to December 22) schools and other eligible groups served by the department received two portable Museum exhibits every two weeks. At the end of each period of ten school days the exhibits were exchanged for two others. Under this system of rotation, each school and organization received 34 different Museum displays for exhibition and study. The total number of exhibits lent on schedule during the year was about 17,650. When the schools opened in January after the holidays, 519 participants were receiving portable exhibits from the department. In the course of the year four schools and three branch libraries were dropped from the circulation list, and four new schools, the Hyde Park Neighborhood Club, and the Woodlawn Boys' Club were added, making the number 518 at year's end. The department has questioned the advisability of lending its exhibits to neighbor- hood clubs of boys and girls inasmuch as the exhibits are necessarily the same exhibits seen and discussed at school. But the needs of these clubs are so great and their contributions to Chicago com- munities so worth while that whenever possible the Museum honors applications made by such organizations. The exhibits were circulated in two Museum trucks on nine out of each ten school days, and on each tenth day the drivers worked in the shop at the Museum repairing cases and assisting the pre- parators in rehabilitation of damaged exhibits and preparation of new exhibit-material. During the summer school-vacation, when the portable exhibits had been recalled and stored in the racks at 26 Albert J. Franzen, Preparator and Taxidermist in the N. W. Harris Public School Extension Department, puts the final touches on the exhibit of tree squirrels. the Museum, all exhibits were cheeked, cleaned, and made ready for circulation in the following school year. Repairs were necessary on 304 of the department's 1,100-odd exhibits. In contrast with other recent years, damage to circulated exhibits was light. Albert J. Franzen, Preparator and Taxidermist, spent the early part of the year preparing two sets of exhibits of squirrels found in and about Chicago. One set is concerned with different species of tree squirrels; the other identifies the ground squirrels. Progress on these exhibits, however, was temporarily halted before com- pletion in order that Preparator Franzen might work with Arthur J. Soderling, who joined the staff of the department as Assistant Preparator late in March. Together the two men prepared a set of six exhibits of the state flower. Each exhibit contains seven common species of violets native to Illinois. The violet and squirrel exhibits should be completed and installed in portable cases early in 1956. The two preparators made several one-day excursions into the field to collect plant and animal material needed in the prepara- tion of new exhibits for the department. 27 JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN'S LECTURES The James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation continued its program of tours, lectures, motion pictures, and school programs. This foundation was established by Mrs. Raymond in 1925 as a memorial to her husband and herself. Her original gift of $300,000 was supplemented shortly thereafter by an additional gift of $200,000, and she continued to contribute to the Museum for many years. She stipulated that "the income therefrom will be used by said Museum to defray the expense of lectures given to children in 'Field Museum' and in the public schools of Chicago and for other similar purposes." Throughout her life Mrs. Raymond often visited the Museum and repeatedly expressed her pleasure at the work that was being done through the fund that she had established. Of increasing importance this year were the programs planned to help school groups help themselves. A typical program of this kind starts with an illustrated introduction in one of the Museum meeting rooms followed by supervised study in designated exhibition halls, where the students find the answers to prepared questions by observ^ation of the exhibits. Forty-nine of these programs were given, with a total attendance of 5,792. In connection with a special exhibit of Eskimo sculpture held in Stanley Field Hall a program for the schools was given twenty-nine times to a total attendance of 1,852 students. Extension lectures continued for the Chicago Public Schools but in reduced numbers because of the increased need for school tours and lectures in the Museum. Forty extension lectures were given during the year to a total of 12,750 students. Attendance at the motion-picture programs for children offered in spring and fall on Saturday mornings and in summer on Thursday mornings indicates changes in our habits and patterns of living. Total attendance at the six summer shows (which required a repeat performance of each program) was still high at 9,734 — these children came in day-camp groups, play groups, and youth organizations but very few in family groups. However, attendance at the Saturday- morning programs dropped, both in spring and fall, possibly because there are fewer organizations to bring the children to these programs. Total attendance in the spring was 5,792; in the fall, 4,374. Two series of Museum Stories were published and distributed free to children at the Saturday-morning programs. One series (nine stories), "Africa and Its People," was written by Miss Edith Fleming, and the other (also nine stories), "Stories Behind Museum 28 Museum Travelers began Journey No. 4 at exhibit of toys in Stanley Field Hall. Zoology Exhibits," was written by Miss Nancy Worsham. Ray- mond Foundation's first major publication was issued in November. This handbook, For Pebble Pups, A Collecting Guide for Junior Geologists, by Dolla Cox Weaver (95 pages, 27 illustrations), with its accompanying set of eighteen identified rocks and minerals, was featured in various magazines for teachers and parents in the William Wrigley Company's "New Horizons" advertising series. A new activity called Museum Journeys, planned especially for boys and girls who come to the Museum in small groups or alone, was initiated in March. Each Journey is open for two months, and children may take the Journey at any time during the two-month period. Travel instructions on where to go and what to see in the Museum are given to the children as they enter the Museum. When a child has completed successfully four Journeys and has answered correctly the four travel questionnaires, he will be officially honored by the Museum as a Museum Traveler. The Journeys were: Journey No. 1 (March and April) — Listen to the Drums (Africa); Journey No. 2 (July and August) — Puppets Across the Sea (China); Journey No. 3 (October and November) — Animals Around the World; Journey No. 4 (December 1955, January 1956) — Toys. For three of the Journeys special exhibits were planned by Raymond Foundation as starting points. The exhibit of African drums for Journey No. 1 and the exhibit of Chinese shadow-play figures for Journey No. 2 were both prepared by Miss Fleming, 29 with the assistance of James R. Shouba and Gustav A. Noren of the Division of Maintenance. The exhibit of toys for Journey No. 4 was prepared by Miss Harriet Smith, with the assistance of Curator Harry E. Changnon (Geology), Preparator Henry U. Taylor (Geology), Shouba, and Noren. Materials for the three exhibits were from the study collections of the Department of Anthropology. Co-operation continued with the Girl Scouts of Chicago and nearby towns. This activity included (1) Treasure Quests and Expeditions for Brownie Girl Scouts in connection with the Satur- day-morning motion pictures for children (2,012 participated); (2) four programs offering help in nature-badge work to Inter- mediate Girl Scouts (1,252 attended); (3) one training-course for Senior Girl Scout Museum Aides (these 67 girls have assisted with Saturday and holiday programs in the Museum and particularly have helped with the programs given for Girl Scouts); and (4) workshop program on Indian arts and crafts given on two days to a total of 342 Girl Scouts of towns near Chicago. A series of puppets made by the Brownies as a result of "Expedition Make-Believe" formed a special exhibit in Stanley Field Hall during the summer. For foot-weary summer visitors in July, August, and September the Museum offered showings of the Museum film "Through These Doors" thirteen times to a total of 1,020 people. The sign "Are your feet tired? Would you like to sit down? See the Museum in movies!" attracted a capacity showing of the film within a short time after it was posted in strategic places in the Museum halls. RAYMOND FOUNDATION ACTIVITIES FOR 1955 Activities within the Museum t or children Tours in Museum halls . . . . Lectures preceding tours . . . Motion-picture programs . . Groups . 1,047 311 30 Attendance 41,711 19,047 19,900 Groups . 1,388 383 40 Attendance Total 80,658 For adults Tours in Museum halls . . . . Lectures preceding tours . . . 360 23 6,473 1,493 Total 7,966 Extension Activities Chicago Public Schools Elementary Total 40 12,760 12,760 lctivities.. Total for Raymond Foundation ^ 1,811 101,384 30 LECTURE PROGRAMS FOR ADULTS The 103rd and 104th series of pubHc lectures were presented on Saturday afternoons during March, April, October, and November in James Simpson Theatre of the Museum. These lectures are made possible through the generosity and foresight of the late Edward E. Ayer, who in 1922 established a fund of $100,000 for expenses and other remuneration of lecturers who are not members of the Museum staff. The quality of the lectures and the appreciation of the audiences are indicated by the total attendance figure for this year of 17,262, an increase of 746 over the total attendance of last year, despite the decline in general attendance at the Museum. THE LAYMAN LECTURER With deep regret I report the death on May 14, 1955, of Paul G. Dallwig, Layman Lecturer of the Museum. Mr. Dallwig first under- took his duties as the Layman Lecturer in the fall of 1937, and before the close of 1954 he had given fourteen series of lectures to a total audience of 47,638 people. He had planned to resume his presentations in 1956. During his long period of association with the Museum he had popularized the slogan "Sunday Afternoon at Chicago Natural History Museum." He conducted his Sunday- afternoon audiences through the exhibition halls of the Museum, for the subject-matter of his lectures included many different phases of the Museum's studies. His services were volunteered, and at no time would he accept any payment, even to reimburse himself for out-of-pocket expense. As a by-product of his contribution of service to the Museum, he became so interested in lecturing on Museum subjects that he accepted many engagements elsewhere. In grateful appreciation of the unique contribution of Paul G. Dallwig, a memorial service was held at the Museum on the after- noon of Sunday, May 29, 1955. John R. Hastie, Jr., past president of the Chicago Association of Life Underwriters, spoke in behalf of Mr. Dallwig's colleagues in the insurance field. Dr. Preston Bradley, pastor of the Peoples Church of Chicago and a long-time friend of Mr. Dallwig, delivered the memorial address, and the Museum was represented by its Director, Dr. Clifford C. Gregg. This particular "Sunday Afternoon at the Museum" was held on the anniversary of Mr. Dallwig's seventieth birthday. Because the Layman Lectures depended entirely on Mr. Dallwig's own unusual personality and style of presentation, the series will not be resumed. 31 STAFF OF THE MUSEUM On July 1, Dr. Karl P. Schmidt retired as Chief Curator of Zoology but remained in the service of the Museum as Curator Emeritus. It had long been his desire to have more time for research in the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles. There will always be a place at the Museum for Dr. Schmidt and always a need for him. Dr. Austin L. Rand, Curator of Birds, was advanced to the position of Chief Curator of Zoology, and Emmet R. Blake, Associate Curator of Birds, was promoted to Curator. Bryan Patterson, Curator of Fossil Mammals, resigned in June to accept an appointment at Harvard University as Alexander Agassiz Professor of Vertebrate Paleontology. Melvin A. Traylor, Jr., resigned at the end of the year as Research Associate in the Division of Birds to accept appointment as Assistant Curator of Birds. Other resignations during the year were: Miss Margaret G. Bradbury, Artist in the Department of Zoology; Roger T. Grange and Whitney Halstead, Assistants in the Department of Anthro- pology; Miss Katharine Williams and Mrs. Dawn Davey Auerbach, of the Library staff; Mrs. Jean Shultz and Miss Nancy Worsham, of Raymond Foundation; and Douglas E. Tibbitts, Staff Illustrator. A. L. Stebbins retired as Auditor on April 1 and was succeeded as Auditor by Robert A. Krueger, Assistant Auditor. Colin Camp- bell Sanborn, Curator of Mammals, retired at the end of the year because of illness, and Philip Hershkovitz, Associate Curator, became Curator on January 1, 1956. Luis de la Torre, Associate in the Division of Mammals, was appointed Thomas J. Dee Fellow in Zoology for the period of April 1 through November 10. Robert K. Wyant, Curator of Economic Geology, went on leave of absence for a period of one year, effective October 1. Miss Elaine Bluhm, Assistant in Archaeology, began a four-month leave in November. Dr. Orlando Park, of Northwestern University, was elected Research Associate in the Division of Insects by the Board of Trustees. Mrs. Sophie A. Kalinowski was appointed Osteologist in the Department of Zoology on April 1. Mrs. Ruth Johnson Andris became Secretary of the Department of Zoology on July 1, and Miss Betty Lou Lesk, who formerly occupied that position, was trans- ferred to the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles. Preparator William D. Turnbull was appointed Assistant Curator of Fossil Mammals on September 1. Miss Marion K. Hoffmann was promoted from Bookkeeper to Assistant Auditor, and Miss Jane Rockwell, Assistant in the Division of Public Relations, was promoted to Associate. Other appointments were: Miss Phyllis M. Brady, 32 On the occasion of Dr. Karl P. Schmidt's retirement as Chief Curator of Zoology Dr. Clifford C. Gregg, Director, presented Dr. Schmidt with the ^'Karl Patterson Schmidt Anniversary Volume" written by his colleagues (see page 75 for notation). Secretary, Cameron E. Gifford, Preparator, and David Techter, Assistant, Geology; Allen S. Liss, Assistant, Anthropology; Mrs. Ellen Miller, Raymond Foundation; E. John Pfiffner, Staff Artist; and Arthur J. Soderling, Assistant Preparator, Harris Extension. With sincere regret I record the death on May 12 of Dr. Ruth Marshall, Research Associate in the Division of Insects (Arachnids). Dr. Marshall, who was one of the relatively few women ever to acquire an international reputation as a systematic zoologist, had been elected a Contributor by the Board of Trustees of the Museum. I further record with regret the death of John Pletinckx, Ceramic Restorer; Christ J. Schnur; and Mrs. Katy Czerviecz. 33 SPECIAL EXHIBITS An 18th-century Chinese jade jar presented to the Museum in midyear (see page 41) was placed on special exhibition in Stanley Field Hall in late summer. A special exhibit prepared by the Department of Botany showing poison ivy, poison sumac, and plants often confused with them was on display through September and October. Other special exhibits during the year were "Woodland Portraits," fifty color photographs by Miss Jeannette Klute, photographer for East- man Kodak Company; sixty pieces of sculpture by Eskimos of northern Canada, shown through courtesy of the Department of Northern Affairs and Natural Resources of Canada; puppets made by Brownie Girl Scouts after going on "Expedition Make-Believe" in the Museum (see page 30); paintings and drawings from the junior and advanced classes held in this Museum by the School of the Art Institute of Chicago; Fifth Annual Amateur Handcrafted Gem and Jewelry Competitive Exhibition; and Tenth Chicago Inter- national Exhibition of Nature Photography. ATTENDANCE During the year 1,072,676 people visited the Museum. This repre- sents a decrease in attendance of 69,524 for the year. The appeal of the television set at home is believed to be one of the causes, if not the principal cause, of the general decline, which, of course, is felt not only in educational and cultural institutions but among amuse- ment organizations as well. Curtailment of public transportation facilities and limitation of parking space are also contributing factors in our case. Almost 62 per cent of Museum visitors come on Saturdays and Sundays. Almost 75 per cent of the Museum's attendance is recorded on the three days (Thursday, Saturday, and Sunday) when no admission charge is made. It is not unusual, then, that only about 12 per cent of the Museum's annual visitors pay any admission fee. Again the Museum was host to the boys and girls attending the National 4-H Clubs Congress in December, when a handsome plaque was presented to the Museum by Guy L. Noble, Director, National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, in recognition of thirty-five years of co-operation with this important youth group. Student attendance in the Museum continues at a steadily increasing rate on weekdays. May is still the peak month for school-group attendance, with 815 groups and 46,492 students, although other months brought record numbers to the Museum. 34 VOLUNTEER WORKERS The Museum thanks its faithful volunteer workers for their help during the year. Some of them, designated as Research Associates and Associates, are included in the List of Staff at the beginning of this Report. Other volunteers are: Roy D. Albert, Roger W. Boe, Miss Eleanor Dixon, Ira Fogel, Dr. Robert L. Haas, Bruce Mac- Lachlan, Richard McClung, Paul D. Molnar, Michael Morris, Dr. Harry G. Nelson, James Schoen wetter, and Dr. George C. Williams. MUSEUM EXPEDITIONS The Museum conducted thirteen expeditions and field trips in 1955. Their work is described in this Report under the headings of the scientific departments. Expeditions and field trips of 1955 and their leaders are: Department of Anthropology — Chicago Region Archaeological Field Trips, 1955-56 (Miss Elaine Bluhm, Assistant in Archaeology) ; Louisiana Archaeological Field Trip (George I. Quimby, Curator of North American Archaeology and Ethnology); Southwest Archaeological Expedition (Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator of Anthropology) Department of Botany — Cuba Botanical Field Trip (Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, Curator Emeritus of Botany); Venezuela Botanical Ex- pedition in Collaboration with New York Botanical Garden, 195Jf.~55 (Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Curator of the Phanerogamic Her- barium); West Coast Botanical Field Trip (Emil Sella, Curator of Exhibits in Botany) Department of Geology — Central America Geological Expedition (Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator of Geology); Paleobotanical Field Trip to Alabama and Tennessee (George Langford, Curator of Fossil Plants) Department of Zoology — Conover Angola Expedition, 1954-55 (Gerd H, Heinrich); Mexico Zoological Field Trip, 195I^-55 (Loren P. Woods, Curator of Fishes) ; Southeast Zoological Field Trip (Henry S. Dybas, Associate Curator of Insects) ; Southwest Zoological Field Trip (Dr. Karl P. Schmidt, Curator Emeritus of Zoology); United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt, 1949 — (Field Associate Harry Hoogstraal, Museum representative) 35 Department of Anthropology Research and Expeditions The Southwest Archaeological Expedition under the leadership of Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator of Anthropology, aided by Dr. John B. Rinaldo, Assistant Curator of Archaeology, completed the final installment of its long-term research-excavation program in the Reserve area of west-central New Mexico. The goal of this program has been to reconstruct the history of Mogollon culture in this locality and thus to provide additional data for under- standing cultural laws that govern growth and decline of civi- lizations, ancient and modern. Results of previous expeditions had made possible the recon- struction of the several earlier stages in growth of Mogollon culture from about 2500 B.C. to about A.D. 1200. This year's expedition gained information on the period from about A.D. 1200 to about A.D. 1320, when the Mogollon Indians left the Reserve area. Our plan was threefold: (1) to locate one of the latest villages in this area occupied by the Mogollon Indians, (2) to excavate a number of rooms and structures in this village in order to learn about the way in which its inhabitants solved the problems of daily living, and (3) to search for evidence as to how and why the village was abandoned. More than five hundred specimens were collected, not counting broken pieces of pottery and animal-bone or plant speci- mens. Among choice discoveries were a tiny copper bell and another copper object that indicate trade with Mexico or southern Arizona and New Mexico, some beautifully decorated polychrome pottery vessels that aid indirectly in estimating the age of the village, a unique painted ceremonial object that resembles a tubular tobacco pipe, and full-grooved and three-quarters grooved stone axes that, respectively, indicate cultural influences from the northeast and from the southwest. The village selected by the expedition for excavation is located on a low mesa about seventy-five feet above a bend in Blue River. The ground-floor rooms of this village apartment-house, a section of which may have been two stories high, probably number fifty. The rooms are arranged about the four sides of a quadrangle, at one end of which was a roofed plaza that probably served as a church. Access to the quadrangle was by a gate at one corner and perhaps by entrances leading directly into the outer tier of rooms. Fifteen rooms, the plaza, and parts of the refuse dump were excavated. 36 Pit-house village, occupied between 200 B.C. and A.D. 500 (modeled from SU site, New Mexico), shows the daily life of the prehistoric Mogollon Indians (Hall 7). The contents of the rooms showed that the village had been aban- doned gradually and that the former occupants had taken almost everything with them that could be carried away easily or that was of any value. The objects that had been left in the rooms were arranged in an orderly way, and there were neither burned rooms nor evidence of warfare. It is thus clear that the Mogollon Indians had not been driven out of the area by enemy peoples, but, on the other hand, the frequent addition of rooms, the alteration of room- sizes by building or tearing down partitions, and the changes in floor-levels with consequent changes in fireboxes and other floor- features seem to indicate a desire for something different. Further- more, one burial was found with an arrowhead through the shoulder blade, which might mean that factional strife combined with general restlessness caused the village to divide, leaving too few people to carry on a complex series of ceremonies such as present-day pueblo peoples feel is essential to life. Too few children growing up to take part in the ceremonies might in turn have caused the remaining Mogollons to abandon their village entirely in order to join forces with another group elsewhere. 37 The major accomplishments of the Southwest Archaeological Expedition during its twelve seasons of work in western New Mexico may be briefly summarized: (1) the unraveling of population growth and decline, of changing economic systems, and of techniques for exploiting the environment and the formulation of hypotheses concerning the solution of the interrelationships between settlement patterns, subsistence activities, and certain aspects of social and religious life in this previously unworked area; (2) the suggestion of the concept that the various cultures of the Southwest were not separate isolated developments but were all affected by similar influences and stimuli; (3) the development of statistical methods to plot the chronological positions of villages of varying ages; (4) the recovery of nearly five thousand years of continuous history, the longest and most completely delineated continuous sequence in the Southwest (this information will throw light on the incipient stages in the development of civilizations and what causes civili- zations to grow) ; (5) the discovery of an unusually primitive variety of maize that is believed to be the oldest yet discovered in the Southwest and the discovery of the oldest pottery in the Southwest; (6) the recovery of the largest and most diverse collection of ancient food-plants covering a period of about 2,500 to 3,000 years (the plant materials from caves were beautifully preserved and will prove of great value in dietetic and botanical studies) ; (7) a more complete understanding of the critical period of the 13th and 14th centuries when the Indians of the Reserve area were becoming restless and were beginning to abandon it; and (8) the collection of data on 23 villages totaling 146 rooms and on 5 caves and the recovery of 164 pots, more than 7,000 tools of bone, stone, and wood, and many sandals, fur robes, ropes, and baskets. During the first months of the year Assistant Curator Rinaldo collaborated with Chief Curator Martin on a report of the excavation of a large and a small ceremonial room at Higgins Flat Pueblo and dwelling rooms at two other pueblos undertaken during the summer of 1954 and assisted in preparation of drawings. After supervising excavation for the Southwest Archaeological Expedition from June into August, Dr. Rinaldo took part in a seminar that prepared a paper on "Community Patterns of Nomadic and Sedentary Peoples" to be published by the Society for American Archaeology. After his return from the seminar he began analysis of the archi- tectural features, ceramics, and stone and bone artifacts recovered in the field. From time to time he worked in Southwestern Indian ethnology and archaeology for revision of exhibits in Hall 7 (Ancient and Modem Indians of the Southwestern United States) . 38 During the spring and summer the Museum's Chicago region archaeological project, under the supervision of Miss Elaine Bluhm, Assistant in Archaeology, aided by Philip Young, a student assist- ant, engaged in a survey of the area included in Cook, Du Page, and Lake counties in Illinois to locate sites of Indian encampments. Several campsites of early hunters — Indians who made no pottery and lived along streams and the high dry shores of the lakes about five thousand years ago — were located and two were tested, with University of Chicago students and members of the Earth Science Club of Northern Illinois serving as volunteer labor. None of these sites is very rich or very deep, but this is not surprising because the sites were probably occupied for short periods by small nomadic hunting-groups. The Museum is grateful to the landowners who permitted its workers to survey and test sites on their property and to the people who allowed these workers to study their collections of Indian artifacts. Miss Bluhm completed a report on material from the Sawmill site, a Mogollon pueblo village with large rectangu- lar semisubterranean ceremonial room that was excavated near Reserve, New Mexico, by the Southwest archaeological expeditions of 1951 and 1952. The study of changes in designs on painted pottery, which has been completed for the Reserve area, was ex- panded to include changes in designs from A.D. 500 to A.D. 1250 throughout the Southwest, where painting is the predominate form of ornamentation for pottery vessels. Although types of pottery from various areas like Chaco Canyon, Mesa Verde, and Reserve can be differentiated, similar designs occur in these areas at about the same time and serve to tie the areas together developmen tally. This is the first study of horizon styles that has been made in this way for Southwestern potteries. Dr. Donald Collier, Curator of South American Archaeology and Ethnology, continued his study of the origin and nature of urbani- zation in prehistoric Peru. During the latter half of the year he assembled data on Casma and neighboring Peruvian valleys to be used in the course of the Museum's archaeological expedition to Peru in 1956, which, with his leadership, will be conducted under a research grant from the National Science Foundation. He did some research in Mexican archaeology and ethnology in connection with reinstallation of Hall 8 (Ancient and Modern Indians of Mexico and Central America) and continued to collaborate with Dr. A. L. Kroeber, Research Associate in American Archaeology, in studying the Museum's Nazca collection from Peru. Curator Collier's report, Cultural Chronology and Change as Reflected in the Ceramics of the Viru Valley, Peru, was published by the Museum in December. 39 George I. Quimby, Curator of North American Archaeology and Ethnology, conducted research involving archaeological problems in the lower Mississippi Valley and the Great Lakes area. He completed a report on his attempt to locate the site near Natchez, Mississippi, where human remains and the bones of extinct animals had been found in the 1840's. The report, which includes a history of the original find and an appraisal of the geological context, has been accepted for publication by American Antiquity. In April he went to Poverty Point site (occupied about 800 B.C.) in northeastern Louisiana where (with permission of the American Museum of Natural History's expedition to the site) he made surface collections Diorama modeled from Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, shows Indians in an Anasazi village of A.D. 1100 performing rain ceremonies (Hall 7). *^ if|i# JmJ W#«iii&i»,yi^ m t 'I -d' a^ 40 from the southernmost parts of the extensive earthworks and excavated two stratigraphic test-pits. He continued his study of Paleo-Indians and their environments in the Great Lakes region, concentrating on the period from about 6000 B.C. to 2000 B.C. In October he examined a recently exposed bed of peat in MichilHnda, Michigan. Participating in this venture were Dr. John W. Thieret, Curator of Economic Botany, and Dr. James H. Zumberge, a glacial geologist from the University of Michigan. Study of the peat bed is expected to provide information about fossil plant-seeds, glacial geology, and Paleo-Indian environment. Some ethnological re- search was undertaken by Curator Quimby in order to prepare an exhibit illustrating Pima and Papago religion for Hall 7 (Ancient and Modern Indians of the Southwestern United States). M. Kenneth Starr, Curator of Asiatic Archaeology and Eth- nology, devoted a major portion of his time to further organization and expansion of the East Asian Collection, that division of the Library which encompasses anthropological and Sinological materials relevant to Eastern Asia. Over and above this duty he continued his research on the history and life of the important and imperfectly known Chou period of early China. He is particularly interested in areas lying outside of traditional centers of Chou culture. Accessions— Anthropology In midyear the Museum was presented with an unusually large and well-executed eighteenth-century Chinese jade jar, a gift of R. Bensabott (the jar was fully described in the July, 1955, issue of the Museum's Bulletin). We are indebted also to the same donor for a series of large and handsomely crafted cabinets of solid, beauti- fully grained walnut. Our outstanding collection of Chinese rub- bings was enhanced through the consideration of Robert A. Stough, of Chicago, who presented a rubbing taken from an ancient stele on Hengshan, one of the five sacred mountains of China, located in Hunan Province, in south-central China. An interesting and useful collection of thirty-four artifacts from the Maori of New Zealand was presented by Robert Trier, of Chicago. Phillip H. Lewis, of Chicago, gave ten pieces of primitive art that he collected during a field research-project in Melanesia (the pieces were made in 1954 as part of the ceremonial rites of the people of northeast New Ireland and give to the Museum's considerable collection of New Ireland carvings a time-depth of some forty-odd years as well as additional data on the functions of the older carvings) . 41 Care of the Collections— Anthropology Evett D. Hester, Thomas J. Dee Fellow in Anthropology, and Roger T, Grange, Assistant, completed cleaning and checking the eth- nographic collections from the Philippines and their removal to new storage quarters in the Pacific Research Laboratory, and, with the help of Phillip H. Lewis, a substantial selection of Melanesian material was similarly handled. During the summer Hester, with the assistance of Philip Young, completed the cleaning, checking, and removal of the Malayan and Indonesian collections to the Pacific Research Laboratory. In September Allen S. Liss, Assistant, assumed the duties of Assistant Grange (resigned). Until July these projects were aided by a grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, but thereafter the Museum carried the entire cost of this program. Removal of the Northwest Coast reference and research collections from one room to another entailed reclassifying categories of specimens and checking catalogue entries, which was done by Assistant Whitney Halstead and Lewis under the direction of Curator Quimby. During the year photograph albums dealing with Kish, Iraq, and Asia were reorganized by Miss Grace Alpher, Robert Lamb, Miss Barbara Schwartz, and John Speer (Antioch College students) and Nicholas Millet. This work was accomplished under the supervision of Miss Elaine Bluhm, Assistant in Archaeology, and, later, Nicholas Millet. Exhibits— Anthropology Nine new exhibits were designed and prepared for Hall 7 (Ancient and Modern Indians of the Southwestern United States) by Artist Gustaf Dalstrom and Preparator Walter C. Reese. Reinstallation of Hall 8 (Ancient and Modern Indians of Mexico and Central America) was begun in October, and by the end of the year eight exhibits illustrating the ethnology of Mexico and Guatemala had been completed by Dalstrom and Reese. Dioramist Alfred Lee Rowell created three dioramas showing prehistoric life in the South- west, which were installed in Hall 7, and he began work on two dioramas for Hall 8. During the year the exhibits of Philippine, Malayan, Indonesian, and Formosan material were renovated, checked, and reinstalled in newly arranged patterns in Hall A (Peoples of Melanesia and the Philippines) and in Hall G (Peoples of the Malay Peninsula and Indonesia) that enhance the attractive- ness of the displays (see illustration on page 91). 42 Department of Botany Research and Expeditions The Curator Emeritus of Botany, Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, continued his research on the genus Copernicia with further explorations in Cuba and, in the Museum, by study of material collected by him or ac- quired by arrangements made in advance for observing marked specimens and collecting from them, at respective seasons, flowers, fruit, and seeds. In addition, germination experiments were car- ried on and cytological studies pursued by Professor J. M. Beal of the University of Chicago. Acknowledgments for assistance in the field and for collecting, preparing, storing, and shipping items obtainable only during the summer or fall months are here given to Dr. Patricio Ponce de Leon of the Botanic Garden of the University of Havana, who at the proper time made excursions to rather distant points, both east and west of Havana, to obtain desired items that he later brought to the Museum on a visit to Chicago; to Dr. Robert K. Lampton, of Upsala College, East Orange, New Jersey, formerly of the research staff of S. C. Johnson and Son, Incorporated; to Dr. and Mrs. L. W. Hansen, of Camaguey, long- time American residents in Cuba; and to the late Brother Leon of Colegio de La Salle of Havana (see page 24). Paul C. Standley, Curator Emeritus of the Phanerogamic Her- barium, now at Escuela Agricola Panamericana near Tegucigalpa, Honduras, identified collections of plants from Honduras and other Latin-American countries. J. PYancis Macbride, Curator of Peru- vian Botany, studied a number of families in preparation of ad- ditional parts of his Flora of Peru. Grasses of Guatemala, prepared by Dr. Jason R. Swallen of the United States National Herbarium, was published by the Museum as part two of Flora of Guatemala in its Fieldiana botany series (the manuscript for the Bambuseae was prepared for this volunie by Dr. F. A. McClure, of the United States Department of Agriculture). Dr. Earl E. Sherff, Research Associate in Systematic Botany, identified recent collections of flowering plants from the Hawaiian Islands as well as many Compositae from tropical eastern and south- eastern Africa. His revisions of the North American representatives of nine genera of Compositae (Coreocarpus, Cosmos, Bidens, Coreop- sis, Dahlia, Goldmanella, Heterosperma, Hidalgoa, and Megalo- donta) have been published in North American Flora (New York Botanical Garden) . Of these, his revisions of the genera Coreocarpus 43 and Dahlia are the first of their kind. Dr. Margery C. Carlson, Associate in Botany, virtually finished her monograph of the genus Russelia (Scrophulariaceae), and during the early part of the year she studied many representative species in their native habitats in Mexico. Until the end of July Dr. Jos^ Cuatrecasas, former Curator of Colombian Botany, continued at the Museum his studies of Colombian plants with the aid of a grant from the National Science Foundation. After the termination of this grant he transferred his activities to the United States National Herbarium. Dr. Theodor Just, Chief Curator of Botany, pursued his studies of living and fossil gymnosperms and of modem systems of classifica- tion of the plant kingdom. He also contributed a chapter on fossil ferns and fern allies to A Field Guide to the Ferns and Their Related Families of Northeastern and Central North America, a forthcoming handbook by Boughton Cobb, a Member of the Museum. Con- siderable time was spent in preparation of new exhibits. Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Curator of the Phanerogamic Her- barium, made routine determinations of miscellaneous collections of plants, especially from the American tropics and also wrote labels for some of his Venezuelan collections of 1953 and 1955. On the first of April he returned from his botanical expedition to Chimanta- tepui, the large table-mountain in the "lost world" of southeastern Venezuela that he explored with Dr. John J. Wurdack of New York Botanical Garden. The expedition, which was very successful, reached the summit of this mountain on a part previously never ascended by man and established a permanent camp-site on the summit at 6,300 feet above sea level. From here explorations were made to surrounding and more distant parts of the immense Massif for a period of a month. As time permitted, photographs were taken of unusual plants and scenery for botanical and geographical data. Many zoological specimens, including snails, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, insects, and spiders were collected, but the most notable find of animal life on the summit was the discovery of a small catfish, the first record of fish ever made on the summit of any of these isolated table-mountains. In addition, a number of geographical facts were obtained that will be useful to cartographers in showing the exact location of lobes of the mountain, names and courses of rivers on the summit, names and locations of various previously unknown waterfalls, and altitudes. The botanical part of the expedition was highly successful, for 1,500 numbered collec- tions, totaling 10,000 specimens of plants, were pressed and dried for study. A preliminary study of some of the groups indicates that numerous new species and some new genera were collected by this 44 This is the Tirica river-valley that the botanical expedition ascended in 1955 to a summit of Chimanta Massif, the mighty lost-world mountain of Venezuela, to continue botanical exploration (this photograph was taken at 6500-foot elevation). expedition as well as by Curator Steyermark on his expedition in 1953 to the same table-mountain. Previous reports that these table-mountains yield the greatest number of endemic new species and genera to be found in any part of the New World are thus being confirmed by these expeditions. Dr. Francis Drouet, Curator of the Cryptogamic Herbarium, conducted revisional studies of microscopic algae in collaboration with William A. Daily, of Butler University. Dr. Hanford Tiffany, Research Associate, carried on investigations of the distribution of the Oedogoniaceae, and Donald Richards, Research Associate, continued his research on North American bryophytes. Kung-chu Fan, of the University of Kansas, Mrs. Fay K. Daily, of Indianapolis, and Dr. Chester S. Nielsen and Ronald C. Phillips, of Florida State University, worked on various problems of algal classification in the cryptogamic herbarium of the Museum. 45 Dr. John W. Thieret, Curator of Economic Botany, continued his studies of the gross morphology of seeds, particularly those of agricultural legumes and aquatic plants of the United States, and a paper on seeds of Veronica and allied genera was published (see page 87). He devoted considerable time to collection and prepara- tion of seed samples and the accompanying herbarium vouchers, and during the year he investigated the economic aspects of bryophytes and cycads. He prepared and submitted the first section of cards on the Scrophulariaceae for Index Nominum Genericorum, pub- lished serially at Utrecht, Netherlands. Emil Sella, Curator of Exhibits, spent approximately six weeks during August and September collecting plant material in Oregon and northern California, His main objective was to obtain leafy branches of western species of conifers and broadleaved trees to complement various exhibits of North American woods in Hall 26. Most of the work, including necessary color-notes in connection with the immediate preparation of the specimens in the field, was done at Oregon State College, in Corvallis, where ideal laboratory facilities were provided. For this and for considerable assistance received, the Museum is indebted to Dean W. F. McCulloch of the School of Forestry. Miss Edith M. Vincent, Research Librarian, completed work on the Index to American Botanical Literature by filing all cards pub- lished during the past five years and purchased from the Torrey Botanical Club (oldest botanical society in the United States) . She also checked and standardized the abbreviations of the names of botanical authorities cited in the index of type and historical col- lections maintained by the Museum. Exhibits— Botany Constant progress is being made in Charles F. Millspaugh Hall (North American Woods, Hall 26), where during the year eight new models were added to the exhibits. Of these, the branches of black oak (Quercus velutina), butternut (Juglans cinerea), and black willow {Salix nigra) were assembled by Artist-Preparator Samuel H. Grove, Jr., and the water oak {Quercus nigra), Spanish or southern red oak {Quercus falcata), and post oak {Quercus stellata) by Technician Frank Boryca. Curator of Exhibits Sella restored the original branches of black spruce {Picea mariana) and balsam fir {Abies balsamea). As part of the contemplated revision of the hall the complete exhibits of white pine, swamp cypress, and American 46 chestnut were rearranged and reinstalled for better display in modified exhibition cases of limited depth by Preparator Walter Huebner and Curator Sella. The one important addition to Martin A. and Carrie Ryerson Hall (Hall 29, Plant Life) is a reproduction of a flowering branch of the mountain camellia (Stewartia pentagyna), a showy member of the Tea family. In the preparation of this model as well as in the extensive repairing of recent damage to the snowbank in the Alpine Vegetation exhibit (located in Hall 29), Curator Sella was aided by Technician Boryca. Accessions— Botany The largest gift to the phanerogamic herbarium during the year was that of 5,329 plant specimens from the University of Notre Dame, obtained through the assistance of Dr. Albert L. Delisle and ar- ranged by Chief Curator Just. Other large gifts include 2,074 plants of the United States, chiefly from Oregon, California, and the Chicago area, collected by Holly Reed Bennett, of Chicago; 531 plants of Missouri collected by Ernest J. Palmer, of Webb City, Missouri; 319 plants of Illinois from Hugh S. Bonar, superintendent of Joliet Township High School; 309 plants of Winnebago County (Illinois) collected by Dr. Egbert W. Fell, of Rockford; and 228 plants of Florida and Cuba from Dr. E. P. Killip, Research Associate. Among accessions in the palm herbarium, one obtained in Paraguay by Dr. Klare S. Markley of the Institute of Interamerican Affairs (now Foreign Operations Administration) merits special mention. It consists of excellent dried and preserved material of all stages of the wax-yielding palm Copernicia australis Beccari as well as viable seed and photographs. This collection arrived at the Museum by way of Racine, Wisconsin, and was supplemented by certain selected items obtained by Dr. E. S. McLoud and E. D. Kitzke of the research staff of S. C. Johnson and Son, Incorporated, on visits made by them to Paraguay during the time of Dr. Markley's assignment there. This accession is an important addition to the Museum's large representation of the many species of Copernicia. Among valuable accessions received through exchange are 779 plants, mostly of Africa, Asia, and other parts of the Old World tropics, from the British Museum (Natural History); 457 plants, principally of South America and the Pacific islands, from the United States National Museum; 567 plants of Arkansas and Missouri from the University of Arkansas; and 236 plants of Hon- duras and British Honduras from Escuela Agricola Panamericana. 47 The most significant additions (by purchase) of plants from coun- tries not well represented in the Museum's collection include 658 plants of Australia collected by Professor B. Kaspiew and 320 plants of Pakistan from Professor E. Nasir of Gordon College. To augment the Museum's Mexican collection, a set of 1,648 plants of Mexico was purchased from Associate Carlson. A valuable series of 1,310 photographs of Schott's original drawings of Araceae was purchased. Noteworthy accessions of the cryptogamic herbarium are gifts of 892 algae from Dr. Herbert Habeeb, of Grand Falls, New Bruns- wick, and 428 algae from Dr. Chester S. Nielsen, of Florida State University. A collection of 540 fungi was received in exchange with the Herbarium of the University of California. The effort to make the Museum's holdings of woods more in- clusive resulted in the addition through exchange and by gift of 556 specimens representing about 500 species from the United States, South America, Spain, Spanish Guinea, Union of South Africa, Southern Rhodesia, Mozambique, and New Zealand. One of the finest collections received, 122 hand-samples of North Borneo timbers, was presented by the Conservator of Forests, Sandakan, North Borneo. The seed collection was increased by the incorpora- M 48 tion of numerous samples, chiefly of agricultural legumes, received as gifts or in exchange. Chief among these are 101 samples received from the Division of Plant Industry, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, Australia; 115 samples from Institut fiir Kulturpflanzenforschung der Deutschen Aka- demie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, East Germany; and 41 samples from the Repartigao Central dos Servif o de Agricultura, Angola. Care of the Collections— Botany During the year 11,641 plants were mounted or remounted and added to the phanerogamic herbarium. Mounting and poisoning was done by Miss Olive Doig, Mrs. Jennie Pletinckx, and Nils Siegbahn, assisted by Robert Yule and, for part of the year, by Mrs. Abigail Peck and Miss Virginia Hoglund, by Miss Jane Black and Michael Levandowsky of Antioch College, and by Miss Dorothy Ramm of Swarthmore College. Mrs. Effie M. Schugman and Miss Alice Middleton mounted 10,283 cryptogamic specimens and pre- pared them for filing. Reorganization of the wood collection was completed in November with the assistance of Mrs. Ann Bigelow. Now, for the first time in the history of the collection, a single alphabetical arrangement of specimens by families and genera corresponding to that of the phanerogamic herbarium has been achieved. A list of duplicate woods, comprising about 1,000 species, was prepared for distribution, and processing of the extensive Jos^ Cuatrecasas Collection of Colombian woods was begun in November. During the year a total of 339 wood specimens was prepared and sent out in exchange. Work on restoration of the type-photograph collection was continued by Assistant J. S. Daston. Mrs. Lenore B. Warner, who continued cataloguing and filing photographic negatives, positives, and prints, handled all orders for prints sold or sent in exchange. Six Girl Scouts from Downers Grove, Illinois, finished mounting plants under the direction of Miss Doig as part of their training for the award of "Museum Aide" merit badges. These drawings, executed by Artist'Preparator Samuel H. Grove, Jr., of dorsal and ventral views of seeds (enlarged) of Veronica hederaefolia (left) and Wulfenia amherstiana (right), are typical of the illustrative material in studies of the gross morphology of various seeds by Curator John W. Thieret published in ^^Lloydia." 49 Department of Geology Research and Expeditions The Mecca project — study at the Museum of the fossil content of a shale occurring near Mecca, Indiana, to determine the nature of the animal community and its changing environment during the advance of a Coal Age sea across a forested lowland — continued to occupy most of the research time of Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles, and Dr. Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Curator of Fossil Invertebrates (see Annual Report, 1954, page 49). In April, aided by a research grant from the Geological Society of America, they spent two additional weeks in the Mecca locality preparing a geologic map and detailed stratigraphic correlations. In this work they had again the assistance of Peter Garrison, Antioch College student. Besides mapping and charting, they collected many fine fossil specimens from a commercial fire-clay pit near Montezuma, Indiana. These fossils show that the Mecca Quarry fauna of sharks and primitive armored fishes extends geographically for at least six and a half miles, although at Montezuma it occupies a much thinner band of the black shale. Thus it is possible to describe geographic and environmental differences on the margin of the great inland sea of the Coal Age. Several of the fossils from Mecca Quarry and the Montezuma clay pit were X-rayed, and Curator Zangerl has carefully prepared one specimen of a small nearly intact shark. Preliminary exami- nation of these fossils shows that they will be of considerable interest as objects of paleontological study. However, it is necessary to complete the cleaving and charting of the quarry shale and its content before studying the specimens. Miss Janet Bowman and Miss Robin Rothman, Antioch College students, assisted in the cleaving and charting of the shale and its content, and at the year's end this phase of the work of the Mecca project was about 85 per cent completed. Dr. Robert H. Denison, Curator of Fossil Fishes, completed a manuscript on the habitat of early vertebrates, basing his con- clusions largely on the manner of occurrence and on associated fossils. Data for this paper were accumulated over a number of years from the literature of the subject, from study of our Museum collections, and during visits to a large number of fossil localities in the United States, Canada, and Europe. More recently he has been engaged in a study of the arthrodires, a group of armored fishes 50 LAND ELEVATIONS AND OCEAN DEPTHS ^^^ This is part of the physical map of the world showing land elevations and ocean depths — one of the exhibits in the reinstalled Hall of Physical Geology (Hall 34). that was dominant during the Devonian period. This project will include the description of the excellently preserved specimens col- lected by Museum expeditions conducted in Utah in 1949 and 1950. Until his resignation in June, Bryan Patterson, Curator of Fossil Mammals, who was a senior member of the Department of Geology, worked on a paper entitled "The Fossil Rheidae" and prepared a report on the current states of evolutionary theory for a conference in New York on the evolution of behavior. William D. Turnbull, Assistant Curator of Fossil Mammals, continued his study of the masticatory apparatus of mammals, a subject that will require pro- longed investigation before he is able to make a definite contribution. He wrote a descriptive note on a Late Cretaceous mammal from the Lance formation of Wyoming. Accompanied by Dr. and Mrs. R. H. Whitfield, both Associates in the Division of Fossil Plants, George Langford, Curator of Fossil Plants, made several weekend trips to the Pennsylvanian deposits west of Wilmington, Illinois, and collected several hundred fossil plant-specimens for the Museum's study collections. With Orville 51 L, Gilpin, Chief Preparator of Fossils, he made a large collection of well-preserved Upper Cretaceous plants from the Ripley in Ten- nessee and the Tuscaloosa in Alabama. It was Curator Langford's first experience with the Tuscaloosa that underlies the Ripley. Because all of the specimens are in clay, it was necessary to harden the matrix with a coat of dextrin thinned with water. This process of hardening, simple and inexpensive as it is, seems to keep friable specimens intact indefinitely. When not otherwise engaged Lang- ford was busy preparing a handbook containing brief descriptions and illustrations of about 250 known species of Pennsylvanian plants from the Wilmington region. It is hoped that the book, which is adapted to the layman's point of view, will meet the growing demand of many interested nonspecialists for information about fossil plants. Robert K. Wyant, Curator of Economic Geology, on leave of absence after October 1, made a metallographic and qualitative chemical examination of troilite of the Canyon Diablo meteorite and determined the size of troilite masses in the Holbrook meteorite. Other phases of his work on meteorites consisted of studies con- cerning the compositional differences between the light and dark materials of the Walters and the Paragould meteorites, petrographic examination of the Juvinas, Stannern, and Pantar meteorites, and preparation of a number of microphotographs from thin sections of these meteorites. In the chemical laboratory he made quantitative analyses of two specimens of lava, old and new, from Izalco, a vol- cano in El Salvador, and calculated the feldspar composition from the analyses. More recently he revised a paper "Statistical Analysis of Geochemical Data" and rechecked his manuscript "The Role of Stylolites in Carbonate Metasomatism." He also calculated the sodium potassium ratios from 298 analyses of limestone and related carbonate rocks. Dr. Sharat K. Roy, Chief Curator of Geology, devoted the greater part of his time to duties connected with completing re- installation of the Hall of Physical Geology (Hall 34). In the field of research he continued his study of meteorites and volcanoes of Central America and, in joint authorship with Curator Wyant, published a paper on the Paragould meteroite. A good part of his paper deals with cosmic metamorphism, a feature that is more pronounced and more readily seen in the Paragould meteorite than in any other aerolite hitherto described. Other papers in preparation during the year are "The Present Status of the Volcanoes of El Salvador," "Spheroids in Volcanic Ash," and "1955 Eruption of Vol- can Izalco in El Salvador." Most of the material and data for these 52 An active volcanic region is shown in this diorama, one of four unique dioramas that occupy the center of the newly reinstalled Hall of Physical Geology (Hall 34). papers were collected by Chief Curator Roy while he was engaged in field work in El Salvador and Nicaragua during late spring and summer of this year. For hearty co-operation and for the use of facilities to carry on field and laboratory studies, we once again extend our thanks to the Director and other members of the staff of Instituto Tropical, San Salvador. Our appreciation for rendering cordial and effective aid to facilitate field work is also given to D. M. Spencer and his colleague Mr. Kettle of India Gold Mining Company, Nicaragua. Besides his present studies of volcanoes Chief Curator Roy continued his collaboration with Dr. Ortrud Dieterichs of Instituto Tropical in preparing an English translation of Karl Sapper's Los Volcanes de la America Central, a book that, although a little out of date and written from a geographer's point of view, is still regarded as a valuable contribution on the subject of Central American volcanoes. 53 Accessions— Geology A valuable addition to the Museum's collection of fossil plants is the series of selected Pennsylvanian plants received as a gift from the University of Chicago. Miss Nancy Robertson, of Chicago, pre- sented a large set of fossil invertebrates that she had collected from Thornton Quarry and other localities in the Chicago area. The col- lection includes at least one new species, a small conularid represented by four fine specimens. An unusually fine specimen of a fossil insect-wing of the extinct order Palaeodictyotera was acquired from Troop 70, Boy Scouts of America, Oak Plain Council, Gages Lake, Illinois. The specimen was collected near Coal City, Illinois. Dr. and Mrs. Whitfield, Associates, gave a very good specimen of Lepidoderma mazonense, a small fossil eurypterid, or "sea scor- pion," from the strip mines in the Braidwood area (Illinois), the only specimen of this species in our collection. Care of the Collections— Geology David Techter, who joined the staff during the summer as Assistant, has made notable progress in cataloguing both the fossil vertebrates and the fossil invertebrates. With the assistance of Miss Shirley Hale, Antioch College student, he completed cataloguing the gastro- pods and clams from the Harvey Collection of European fossil in- vertebrates, and he also catalogued the large collection donated by Miss Nancy Robertson (see above). The reptiles, mammals, and amphibians of the extensive Walker Museum Collection have been put in order and completely integrated with our collections; re- maining is a large block of Paleozoic fishes. From references to Walker Museum specimens in the literature on vertebrates numerous figured specimens, including five types, were recognized, and the references were filed as adjuncts to cataloguing and to care of the collections. Curator Langford arranged the Wilmington Penn- sylvanian collection for greater accessibility, and while so doing he checked old identifications and named a number of unidentified specimens. Upon completing reinstallation of the Hall of Physical Geology (Hall 34) Harry E. Changnon, Curator of Exhibits, and Preparators Henry Horback and Henry U. Taylor undertook rearrangement of the physical-geology and lithology collections and checking the specimens against records and catalogue cards. This work has been continuing since October, but it will be some time before the specimens can be integrated into the study collections. 54 Exhibits— Geology Reinstallation of the Hall of Physical Geology (Hall 34) was com- pleted as scheduled, and the hall was opened to the public in October. By use of selected specimens and up-to-date methods of exhibition it has been possible to present to the public the principles of geology hitherto neglected in exhibits illustrating physical geology. An attempt has been made to answer geologic questions simply and, whenever possible, graphically. Hall 34 now contains thirty-six exhibits, twelve of which are devoted to the study of rocks. The other exhibits show the origin, structure, and age of the earth and the work of terrestrial agents that continually change its face. Outstanding are four dioramas — a valley glacier, a limestone cave, an active volcanic region, and the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. These subjects were selected as typical examples of the results of interplay of the leading geologic processes of external and internal origin. The dioramas, which were ably prepared by George Mar- chand, sculptor-artist of Ebenezer, New York, occupy the center of the hall and add much to the interest of the exhibition. In three of the dioramas automatic lighting simulates the changes in light that occur with the changing time of day. On the walls of the corridor between Halls 34 and 35 five exhibits showing rocks and geologic history of the Chicago region have been installed. It is hoped that these exhibits will provide most of the answers to questions about our local geology. Considerable progress was made during the year by maintenance personnel in modernizing the Hall of Meteorites and Minerals (Hall 35), and installation of exhibition material has already begun in the west half of the hall. The hall's first exhibit, dealing with the attending phenomena and the circumstances of the fall of the Benld meteorite in Benld, Illinois, in 1938, was completed at the close of the year. The hall will house forty-four exhibits, eleven of which will be devoted to meteorites and thirty-three to a systematic arrangement of minerals. An exhibit of taconite, a low-grade iron ore that is assuming greater importance in our economy because of depleted supplies of the high-grade ore hematite, was installed in the Hall of Economic Geology (Hall 36). The exhibit includes specimens, a map of known deposits, and a chart illustrating present-day methods of processing taconite for use as a commercial ore. Almost every exhibit installed during the year includes appro- priate oil paintings by Miss Maidi Wiebe, Artist in the Department of Geology, whose work has enhanced the attractiveness of the exhibits and added much to the clearness of the subject-matter. 55 Finally, the successful completion of Hall 34 is almost entirely the result of the devoted work of Curator of Exhibits Changnon and Preparators Horback and Taylor, who spared no efforts to make each exhibit as understandable and as pleasing as possible. The major effort of the staff of the paleontology laboratories has been the preparation of the large dinosaur exhibit that is to be installed in Stanley Field Hall. The skeleton of Lambeosaurus has been chiseled out of the matrix and put on permanent bases ready to be moved to the final installation, and the skeleton of Gorgo- saurus, which has been completely reinforced with a steel armature, needs only the finishing touches. Chief Preparator Gilpin, who is being aided by Preparators Stanley Kuczek and Cameron E. Gifford and by Assistant Curator Turnbull, is largely responsible for the preparation of the skeletons. It is anticipated that the installation of the exhibit will be completed by the end of March, 1956. In a paleontology workroom preparators take the measurements for the base of the dinosaur exhibit that will be installed in Stanley Field Hall (here are shown the partially mounted skeleton of Gorgosaurus, upright, and Lambeosaurus, prone). 56 Department of Zoology Research and Expeditions Early in the year Mr. and Mrs. Gerd H. Heinrich, of Dryden, Maine, completed their zoological collecting in Angola and terminated the Museum expedition there financed from the Conover Game-Bird Fund. The last of their collections of birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles was received in July. The most important novelties found to this date in their collections have been a new species of thrush and, recovered from the stomach of a goshawk, a new species of lizard. It is particularly gratifying to note the outstanding results of the Conover Angola Expedition. The Conover Game- Bird Fund was established by the late Boardman Conover, Trustee of the Museum and Research Associate in the Division of Birds. The original $50,000 has been considerably augmented by receipts from the sale of certain duplicate material in the Conover Library and by gifts in his memory by Mr. Conover's family and friends. Building up the collections and furthering research are the stated objectives of the fund, which his foresight and generosity created. Celestino Kalinowski, of Cuzco, former Assistant Taxidermist, made a successful collecting trip to the Rio Madre de Dios territory of southeastern Peru for birds and mammals. Harry Hoogstraal, Field Associate, has continued to operate from his base in Cairo, Egypt, and his contributions have continued to enrich several study collections, notably those of mammals and insects. D. S. Rabor, Field Associate, of Silliman University, Dumaguete, Negros, Philip- pine Islands, made a field trip to Bohol in the Philippines where he secured an exceptionally fine collection of the birds of that island for our study collections. In the Division of Mammals Curator Colin Campbell Sanborn completed for publication a key to the bats of Egypt and continued with preparation of a catalogue of the bats of the world before he was stricken with illness in early spring that forced his retirement at the end of the year, when he was replaced as Curator by Associate Curator Philip Hershkovitz. Monographic work by Hershkovitz on the phyllotine group of South American rodents is nearing comple- tion. Associate Luis de la Torre continued research on American bats and also on the mammals of Guatemala. The work of the Division of Birds included systematic studies of birds of Africa and the Philippines by Chief Curator (since July) Austin L. Rand and of Central and South America by Curator 57 (since July) Emmet R. Blake. A report by Curator Blake on a col- lection of birds from Chiriqui Volcano, Panama, is nearing com- pletion. A report on all the birds collected in Nepal by Field Associ- ate Robert L. Fleming during his visits and mission work there was completed by Chief Curator Rand and Dr. Fleming. In addition, Dr. Rand completed a manuscript on the African bulbuls and on the shrike-like vangas of Madagascar and began the section on true shrikes for the continuation of Peters' Check-list of Birds of the World to be published by Harvard University. He also prepared a short paper on the ecological relationships between house sparrows, man, and domestic animals, which is now in press. As part of the Museum's co-operative undertaking with the University of El Salvador, the university brought out a manual of the birds of El Salvador written by Dr. Rand and Research Associate Melvin A. Traylor, Jr. Stray Feathers from a Bird Man's Desk, a popular book by the Chief Curator, was published by Doubleday and Company. Mrs. Ellen T. Smith, Associate, continued to assist in sorting and making preliminary identifications of various collections. Research activities in the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles have centered on the amphibians of the Belgian Congo. The pre- liminary work of sorting and identifying, no mean task when seventy thousand specimens are involved, is complete, and Curator Emeritus Karl P. Schmidt (Chief Curator until July) and Curator Robert F. Inger are now preparing a manuscript on this enormous collection. Dr. Schmidt has also completed a study of the crocodilians of the Philippines and Australia and has continued a study of American coral snakes. He prepared for the National Academy of Sciences a memoir of his long-time friend and collaborator, the late Dr. W. C. Allee, and, with Assistant Hymen Marx, completed a report on reptiles and amphibians from Jebel Elba, a mountain in southeastern Egypt. Assistant Marx also did taxonomic work on reptiles of Africa. Curator Inger completed a study of certain frogs of Africa and has begun the laborious analysis of the stomach contents of approximately five thousand frogs from the Congo collection, a proj- ect supported by a grant from the Institut des Pares Nationaux du Congo Beige. Investigation of the reproductive cycle of Congo frogs, begun last year by Curator Inger and Dr. Bernard Greenberg, of Roosevelt University, has been completed. In the Division of Fishes, Curator Loren P. Woods continued to study marine fishes of the Gulf of Mexico and of Central America, and from December, 1954, to February, 1955, he made extensive collections of fishes in western Mexico. Miss Pearl Sonoda, Assist- ant, collected fishes while studying at Hopkins Marine Laboratory, 58 Loren P. Woods, Curator of Fishes, unwraps small skate (nurse shark and ringed puffers in foreground) collected in Mexican waters — specimens are preserved in formalin, wrapped in cheesecloth, and packed in milk cans for shipment to Museum. Pacific Grove, California. Mrs. Marion Grey, Associate, who has continued her studies of deep-water fishes of the Gulf of Mexico, revised her check-list of fishes known to occur at depths greater than 2,000 meters and this is now in press. Dr. Edward M. Nelson, Associate, continued studies of the anatomy of the swim bladder and inner ear of fishes. Rupert L. Wenzel, Curator of Insects, continued his studies of beetles and wrote a paper on the histerid beetles of New Cale- donia. To further his work he visited the United States National Museum in Washington, D.C., Cornell University, and the National Museum of Canada in Ottawa. Associate Curator Henry S. Dybas, in the course of his studies on beetles, completed a paper on the termite-loving species of the New World tropics. Another paper, dealing with the ptiliid beetles that occur in holes in trees, is being 59 prepared for use of investigators in an Oak Ridge National Labora- tory ecological project. Accompanied by Research Associate Alex K. Wyatt, he made a three-week field trip in southeastern United States to collect the minute insects and other arthropods that live in decaying debris, such as forest-floor litter. Special insect-funnels for separating the insects from the litter were used in the field, where possible, but additional material was brought back to the Museum for processing here. Miss Lillian A. Ross, Associate, continued her studies of spiders. The Curator of Lower Invertebrates, Dr. Fritz Haas, spent most of his time in classifying various collections that have been received. Especially important among these are the little landsnails collected by Dr. P. Wagenaar Hummelinck of Leiden, Netherlands, during his trips to Dutch Guiana and the Lesser Antilles. A number of short papers were prepared. In the Division of Vertebrate Anatomy, Curator D. Dwight Davis completed a study of the mechanics and evolution of the ankle joint in carnivorous mammals and continued work on his report on Borneo mammals begun in 1951. With Dr. Waldemar Meister, Associate, he completed a study of placentations in the pigmy tree-shrew. Associate Meister also prepared a paper on his studies of the histological changes in the long bones of white-tailed deer during antler growth, and this has been accepted for pub- lication by the Anatomical Record. Dr. Schmidt, Curator Davis, and Assistant Marx conducted field studies of life in the Sonora desert of northern Mexico and in Arizona. Dr. R. M. Strong, Research Associate, has been much occupied with conservation matters in the Chicago region, but he has also continued various phases of his anatomical studies. Mrs. Sophie A. Kalinowski, Osteologist, prepared skeletons of animals for the anatomy collection and skulls of mammals for the mammal study-collection. Miss Laura Brodie, Assistant in the Department of Zoology, continued the filing and indexing of the departmental photographic prints and took care of the many re- quests both from other institutions and from individuals for pictures. Looking over the Knirsch'Brancsik Collection of beetles as it is being unpacked after shipment from Vienna are (left to right) Rupert L. Wenzel, Curator of Insects, Henry S. Dybas, Associate Curator of Insects, and Dr. Clifford C. Gregg, Director. This accession of more than 100,000 insects is described on page 64. 60 61 Care of the Collections— Zoology Many of the zoological collections require continuing care to guard against the ravages of insect pests and of time. This necessitates fumigation and checking for protection from dust or against the evaporation of the fluid in which they may be preserved. With continued addition of new material, which is processed, studied, and incorporated into the permanent files of study material, the col- lections grow. This growth, which cannot be precisely predicted, is often uneven, and therefore rearrangement and integration is always going on. These are the daily tasks of "housekeeping" that comprise time-consuming routine of all the divisions. This year we had the help of Miss Carolyn Reusch and Miss Nancy Wilson, Antioch College students. A reorganization of the Museum's collection of apes, monkeys, and their relatives was made, and Tanner Dominick Villa continued his cleaning and mothproofing of large mammal-skins. The pur- chase of fifty new steel cases provides the Division of Birds with space that should be adequate for expansion for many years. The rearrangement of the bird collections, begun in 1954, was continued with the help of a summer assistant, Jay Schnell, and a summer volunteer. Miss Eleanor Dixon. Every family of birds has been moved to its proper position, with expansion space provided, and hummingbirds and some other groups of very small species were arranged in assorted shallow cardboard trays within the standard wooden case-drawers. The collection of bird nests was brought together from various storage places in the Museum and filed in a systematic sequence in six standard old-style metal cases for easy reference. Assistant Marx separated the type specimens, on which new forms have been based, from the general collection of amphib- ians and reptiles and has filed them in a special alcove. Assistant August Ziemer spent much time during the year pinning and preparing the balance of the insects collected by the Phillipines Zoological Expedition of 1946-47. Curator Emeritus William J. Gerhard continued to collate his Hemiptera collection (donated by him in 1954 to the Museum) with the rest of the Museum's collections of that group, and he also prepared pamphlets for the files. Research Associate Wyatt spent considerable time in transferring the McElhose Collection of Lepidoptera into the Mu- seum's collections. Miss Mary Ann Ploog, a special summer assist- ant, prepared many thousands of unpinned histerid beetles for study. Research Associate Charles H. Seevers continued his valu- able work of collating our large collections of staphylinid beetles. 62 Exhibits— Zoology Three new exhibits of birds, prepared by Taxidermist Carl W. Cotton, were installed this year: two showing songbird families in the synoptic series of birds of the world in Boardman Conover Hall (Hall 21, Birds in Systematic Arrangement) and one displaying seven colorful hummingbirds, on which spotlights flash to show their iridescence, in Hall 20 (Habitat Groups of Birds). An exhibit of ptarmigan, showing summer and winter plumage, is nearing completion. Artist Joseph B. Krstolich is preparing an exhibit that is designed to explain adaptions in birds' feet, and Taxidermist Cotton is starting an exhibit of woodpeckers and their relatives for the synoptic series of birds of the world. Taxidermist Ronald J. Lambert completed and installed an exhibit of boas and pythons in Albert W. Harris Hall (Hall 18, Reptiles, Amphibians, and Insects) and is finishing one on biology of alligators, crocodiles, and gavials. Accessions— Zoology Among the important gifts of the year are the collections of 90 mammals, 13 birds, 346 reptiles and amphibians, 198 insects, and 208 landshells from Syria, Iraq, and Lebanon donated by the Iraq- Jarmo Archaeological Expedition (1954-55) of the Oriental Institute and the University of Chicago. Dr. Charles A. Reed, of the Uni- versity of Chicago, who had charge of the zoological field work, is interested in the roles of animals in the cultures of early man in the region and therefore collected present-day animals for comparison with archeological finds. This collection includes such rare or van- ishing animals of the area as wild goat, wild sheep, and wild pig. Important accessions of birds include 1,935 specimens from the Conover Angola Expedition, 66 specimens purchased from Dr. Walter Hoesch in South West Africa, 50 specimens through exchange with the National Museum of the Philippines, and 307 birds of Japan and Korea presented by Jack T. Moyer, of Hamilton, New York. The Division of Amphibians and Reptiles has actively pursued a program of exchange resulting in the additions of many species to the collection. Noteworthy among these was a collection from Hebrew University, Jerusalem, of 54 species of reptiles and amphibians of Palestine representing almost all the species of the area. Another notable accession was a collection of 503 specimens from southern Brazil given by Dr. William W. Milstead, of Alpine, Texas. As in previous years, important specimens of deep-sea fishes 63 from the Gulf of Mexico were received from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. A gift of 27 species of fish of Malaya was received from Dr. John R. Hendrickson, of University of Malaya, Singapore. An important collection of local fishes donated by Miss Margaret G. Bradbury, former Artist in the Department of Zoology, consists of 8,588 identified specimens from the Chicago area and includes almost all the species of stream fishes found in northeastern Illinois.* The major accession of insects for the year was the Knirsch- Brancsik Collection, containing more than 100,000 beetles, which was acquired by purchase from the estate of Dr. Eduard Knirsch, a Viennese dentist and well-known amateur coleopterist. Actually, two collections were acquired. One, the Knirsch collection of palearctic beetles, will be the only extensive general collection of European and Middle-East beetles in a North American museum. It will be particularly valuable to students of the North American 64 fauna because such a large number of our American genera are based upon European species. The other collection, a world-wide collection of beetles, was formed by a well-known coleopterist. Dr. Karl Brancsik. His collection passed to Knirsch, who kept it and maintained it essentially intact until it was acquired by Chicago Natural History Museum. Other important accessions are the Cottle Collection of butterflies and moths, containing 4,400 speci- mens, acquired by purchase from E. R. Leach of Piedmont, Cali- fornia; 835 ectoparasites collected from mammals of Africa by Gerd H. Heinrich on the Conover Angola Zoological Expedition (1954-55); a lot of 2,744 staphylinid beetles, consisting of 2,100 species mostly represented by co-types or paratypes, selected by Dr. Charles H. Seevers, Research Associate, from the collections of the British Museum (Natural History) and received by Chicago Natural History Museum in open exchange; and more than 3,000 insects from Borneo and Sumatra, collected and presented by Roland von Hen tig, a University of Chicago student who accom- panied an expedition from the University of Indonesia. Among the accessions of mollusks and remaining lower inverte- brates, several are of special importance and scientific value. Dr. Harald Sioli, of Manaus, Brazil, again this year sent some highly interesting nonmarine shells from the lower Amazon basin. Dr. and Mrs. Henry Field, of Coconut Grove, Florida, made valuable con- tributions of marine shells collected, either by themselves or by an interested layman mediator, in the Persian Gulf and on the shores of Pakistan. From Dr. Wolfgang Weyrauch, of Lima, Peru, the Museum again bought rare landshells, thus adding considerably to our already rich collection of Peruvian species. An important accession in the Division of Vertebrate Anatomy during the year is the skeleton of a 65-foot baleen whale, a gift from the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia. This skeleton will be mounted to replace the 45-foot skeleton of a right whale that is now exhibited in Hall 19 (Skeletons of Vertebrate Animals). Twenty years ago the British herpetologist H. W. Parker found a little ground lizard that he could not identify in a small collection from Mount Moco, Angola. In intervening years no human collector has caught this species, but a chanting goshawk (Melierax metabates), brought down at Mount Moco in 1951 by the Conover Angola Expedition, had four of these lizards in its crop. The lizard is being named as a new species by Hymen Marx, Assistant in Division of Reptiles. 65 LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM Despite the complexity of problems incident to the recataloguing of a great research library while serving the current needs of an active scientific staff for the most recent literature in many fields of study, progress continues to be made both in recataloguing and in com- pleteness of coverage. A dedicated Library staff working har- moniously under the energetic leadership of Mrs. Meta P. Howell, Librarian, has found solutions for problems as they occurred and has reduced burdensome detail to routine. The cataloguing of our extensive collection of Chinese literature by Mrs. M. Eileen Rocourt and Dr. Hoshien Tchen, with the substantial assistance of Curator M. Kenneth Starr of the Department of Anthropology, is but one example of this co-operation. The magnitude of research programs in many parts of the world is evidenced by the volume of published reports issued by scientific societies and research centers. The accelerated acquisition of this literature by the Library has been taken in stride. At the close of the year 3,689 volumes had been added to the collection, exclusive of new acquisitions in the East Asian Collection, as compared to 2,048 for the preceding year. Total withdrawals for the year amounted to 2,643 volumes, representing unneeded duplicates and other literature irrelevant to the collection. Serials continue to form the backbone of the acquisitions. The greater portion of the serial literature is received through the extensive network of the exchange system both here and abroad. At the important cross- roads of the world stand institutes, foundations, associations, societies, and other bodies that are conducting research, and exchange of publications with them is an effective way to bring the results of scientific achievement to allied and interested institutions. During the year 6,872 such serials were received and recorded on the Kardex. The total number of incoming items, exclusive of books, totaled 12,489 (see a selected list of books and serials on page 106). Interlibrary-loan figures, including books borrowed and lent, totaled 255, a figure that does not include the growing number of requests filled by the provision of photostats and microfilms. Grate- ful acknowledgment is made to all libraries that participated in this service. The binding, repair, and rehabilitation of volumes during the year exceeded the record set in the preceding year by 875 volumes. At the close of the year 2,149 volumes had been given attention as compared with the previous figure of 1,274 volumes. Of this number 1,029 volumes were prepared for the commercial bindery and 1,120 volumes (an amazingly high number) were repaired in the Library at a considerable saving in binding expense. The reference department reports that 1,911 volumes were used by- readers in the reading room, but no accurate statement can be made on the use of the Library by Museum staff members because of the open shelves and the distribution of books in departmental and divisional libraries. The Library was called upon to translate into English general correspondence in other languages received in the Museum as well as articles in foreign journals. This year 211 such miscellaneous items were translated. One of the most important functions of a science library is the proper description of its holdings so that its readers may make effective use of this literature without delay. During the year 1,208 major articles and monographs were analyzed, and 2,688 volumes, represented by 9,509 cards, were added to the catalogue. As a part of the Library's project of reclassification, special attention was given during the year to a survey of serials still remaining under the former system of classification, and a systematic effort is being made to enter under the Library of Congress scheme those periodi- cals most frequently consulted. Accordingly, 1,525 volumes of these were processed and relabeled this year. Following the excellent beginning made in 1954 in cataloguing the Far Eastern Collection, a revised classification scheme has been drawn up that permits the material in this field to be incorporated into the general shelf -list (the inventory of the Library's holdings). This has been accomplished by fitting an adaptation of the system used at the Harvard-Yenching Institute into the appropriate sec- tions of the Library of Congress schedules. The catalogue of the Far Eastern Division now contains completely catalogued entries representing new acquisitions and author cards for titles in Oriental languages from the Berthold Laufer Collection. In addition to continuing his work on the cataloguing of the Berthold Laufer Collection of Chinese and Japanese books and maps. Dr. Tchen prepared the numerous new acquisitions published in the Far Eastern languages. About four hundred titles were cata- logued this year, consisting of more than four thousand volumes. In his careful study and examination of the Berthold Laufer Col- lection Dr. Tchen has occasionally found volumes that now are exceedingly rare, some of which constitute important reference works. For example, some works published during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) include an important work on the geography of China, published in 38 volumes in 1461, a dictionary of Chinese characters published in 1598, and other volumes on Chinese geog- raphy published in 1600 (see page 107 for a selected list of Chinese- 67 Japanese accessions). Many books of the early Ch'ing Dynasty (1644-1911) include fine wood-block editions. Included also are several large and outstanding reprinted collections, among which are contained selected works by famous authors representing the various Chinese dynasties. Some of the collections contain more than 300 volumes. Included is a colossal edition (printed in 1728) of a Chinese classified encyclopedia comprising 1,620 volumes. The East Asian Collection also includes Chinese and Japanese works in which are rich and fine reproductions of bronzes, porcelains, jades, painting, and calligraphy. Most of these are dated to the later Ch'ing period and the period of the Chinese Republic. These titles are rare today and very useful for reference and research. In addition to cataloguing and classification, other steps in the organization of the collection include arrangement, binding of materials, recording of serials, and maintenance of the catalogues, both general and departmental. Upon rearrangement of the shelves it was discovered that many volumes that formed a part of the original Berthold Laufer Collection as a whole (not housed in the East Asian Library) had been shelved without benefit of cata- loguing. This represented a serious situation, for material already in this collection might have been duplicated in new orders because the volumes were not represented in the shelf-list or in the card catalogue. In order to avoid duplication three thousand author and title cards were made and filed in a separate card-file. The volumes include some four hundred titles in Russian, which have been trans- lated into English. These many volumes now need to be classified because this temporary file is solely for ready reference to avoid duplication of orders. The Library this year was the extremely fortunate recipient of 164 titles (2,015 volumes) representing basic reference works needed in the taxonomic studies and research conducted in the Museum on its study-collections of specimens. These volumes were transferred on a permanent-loan basis from John Crerar Library to the Museum. This extremely important and valuable transfer was made possible through the courtesy and co-operation of the This is not an octopus but an aquatic flowering plant of family Podostemonaceae: its fleshy stems with moss-like leaves attached to the rocks in the swift rapids of the lost-world streams in Venezuela are usually submerged, but in the drier season the plant sends up inch-high purple stems that bear column-like little buff flowers. 68 Board of Trustees of John Crerar Library and Herman H. Henkle, Librarian. Our gratitude to the John Crerar Library is deep, not only for providing these tools of research but also for its under- standing of the Museum's needs in terms of the highly specialized work that is being done here. Among other donors are: Tsuen-hsuin Tsien, Librarian of the Far Eastern Library of the University of Chicago, who gave a miscellaneous collection of Chinese titles for the Library's East Asian Collection; the Estate of Ethelwyn Sweet Quimby (Mrs. Mabel Quimby Deane, Thomas H. E. Quimby, and George L Quimby); Mr. and Mrs. Paul A. Benke, of Chicago, who contributed eighteen volumes of books on China; and Luis Angel Arango, of Bogota, Colombia, who presented the valuable work Orfebreria Prehispanica de Colombia by Jos^ Perez de Barradas (2 volumes). Dr. Karl P. Schmidt, now Curator Emeritus of Zoology, has continued to augment the collection with many fine contributions. Grateful acknowledgement is made to all who con- tributed during the year to the Library's collection (see page 105). 69 MOTION PICTURES During the year a new motion-picture production was started to show the techniques involved in assembhng the Gorgosaurus and Lambeosaurus skeletons for exhibition (see page 56). Photography for this continued at intervals throughout the year and the film will be completed for screening next year. Additional footage of a Bary- lambda skeleton was taken for the Museum's film "Fossil Hunting." Re-editing two Museum films, "To a New Lost World" and "Indians Before Columbus," was undertaken, and assistance was given in editing a new film "Volcanoes." Footage was taken for television shows participated in by Museum staff members, and a list of suitable material was catalogued in the Museum Film Library in anticipation of increased demands for filmed material. Our film library has now on file ninety-three film productions. PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION John Bayalis and Homer V. Holdren of the Division of Photography made, during the year, a total of 23,818 negatives, prints, enlarge- ments, kodachromes, and lantern slides for the Museum. These items serve a wide variety of needs. Photographs are taken to record processes and events at the Museum, to illustrate textbooks, scientific reports, and other publications, to be reproduced on post cards, in newspapers, and in magazines, and for many other purposes. Kodachromes are prepared not only for our own lecturers but also for sale to other lecturers, educators, and the general public. The wide variety of subject-matter and the high degree of perfection required in this work present a challenge that is capably handled within the Division of Photography. E. John Pfiffner, who joined the staff as an illustrator and staff artist in July, soon made himself indispensable by his ability to handle the widest possible variety of demands for illustrative and decorative material with skill, imagination, and dispatch. During part of the summer he was assisted by Wendell Hall, a student. The usual routine work — maps, labels, drawings for posters, lettering — was prepared during the year by the Division of Illustration for departments and divisions of the Museum. In addition, design layouts for exhibition cases "Protozoans" and "Crocodilians," de- tailed drawings of deep-sea fishes and of rodent teeth, a preliminary oil-sketch for a mural, and illustrations for two series of Museum Stories (Raymond Foundation) were completed. 70 THE BOOK SHOP Again the Museum's Book Shop achieved new records in sales and service. Net sales for the year exceeded $113,000, this being the first time that the $100,000 mark has been passed. During the latter part of the year, sale of For Pebble Pups packets, consisting of a rock-collector's handbook (see page 74) and a collection of eighteen identified rock and mineral specimens, accounted for a large volume of mail-order sales. This was the result, largely, of the co-operation of the William Wrigley Company. In continued implementation of Philip K. Wrigley's policy of educational adver- tising, the Company selected two of The Book Shop's instructional books to be featured in its "New Horizons" advertising series. The Museum here records its appreciation to Mr. Wrigley and the William Wrigley Company for this continued evidence of co- operation between industry and education. PUBLIC RELATIONS The primary aims of the Museum are symbolized in a single out- standing publicity-picture made in 1955 (see page 20). This photo- graph, the work of Homer V. Holdren, one of the Museum's staff photographers, expresses without need for explanatory words man's thirst for knowledge and the Museum's part in satisfying it. En- titled "The Landing of the Explorers," it shows eager small boys and girls setting forth in Stanley Field Hall on "expeditions" in many directions toward discovery of the secrets of rocks and plants and of animals and peoples of the world. The picture first appeared on the cover of the Museum's Bulletin for June. A discerning picture- editor at the Chicago Daily News saw it, understood its message, recognized its pictorial appeal, and reproduced it in that paper in almost half-page size to remind more than 600,000 readers that the Museum is a place for high adventure and one of Chicago's principal attractions for out-of-town visitors. The idea of constantly informing the public — and of reminding those already informed — was the keynote also of our publicity for the reopening of the Hall of Physical Geology (dubbed "Hall of the Earth" in the newspapers) and for other notable exhibits placed on view on Members' Night in early October. This same basic idea underlay some three hundred news releases and pictures and also the programs on radio and television that kept the Museum's name and accomplishments before the public. 71 POISOH IVY ri%; Mir »« ii ni ii« M > ma i i»»»»w» iwi iititiiu ii iwiiui iiiiw i ii itoi MWM 'rtiii ii ii wi Poison ivy and the harmless plants resembling it are very easily identified, as was shown by a special exhibit in Stanley Field Hall on poison ivy and poison sumac. Since anyone anywhere is likely at some time to visit Chicago and to come to the Museum while in the city, information service to press, radio, and television outlets is maintained on both a national and international basis. Thus notable picture layouts and articles about the Museum filled pages of magazines in Great Britain and Switzerland, and acknowledgment is made here of the splendid co-operation extended by two writers in England who have been especially friendly to the Museum — Norman B. Ash worth of Chil- worth, Surrey, and Michael Lorant of London. The Philadelphia Inquirer, which published notable color-pages of Museum exhibits in 1954, again devoted two full pages of its Sunday "Colorama" section to four of the dioramas of marine invertebrate life of hundreds of millions of years ago (Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall, Hall 37) . Collier's, in its issue of February 4, devoted six full pages to the story of the Museum's halls of Indians in a well-presented article by Martha Weinman, illustrated with masterful color-photographs by Arthur Lavine (writer and photographer commissioned by the magazine especially for this purpose). Newsweek magazine gave prominence to a story and pictures on the translations of 4,000-year-old legal, business, and school documents on tablets from ancient Mesopo- tamia in the Museum's collections. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch sent a feature writer to Chicago on special assignment to do a Sunday page on our seagoing expedition to Mexican west-coast waters. The aforementioned are a few of the most notable recognitions by publications elsewhere of the Museum's achievements. The bulk of publicity and the most continuous and consistent flow come, of course, from Chicago's local press. This comprises not only the 72 POISON SUMAC ^I^W if^M ^^mi^^ Poison sumac and the three harmless sumacs of the Chicago region are contrasted in this portion of the special botanical exhibit on poison ivy and poison sumac. four large metropolitan dailies — Tribune, Sun-Times, Daily News, and American — but also several hundred community newspapers, foreign-language newspapers, and local magazines published in Chicago's diversified neighborhoods and its suburbs. The Museum extends its gratitude to the various press services whose co-operation contributed greatly to speedy and comprehensive distribution of Museum news. These include the City News Bureau of Chicago, Associated Press, United Press, International News Service, International News Photos, and Science Service. Tele- vision and radio media contributed time generously to the Museum. Cordial acknowledgment is made to the Mutual Broadcasting System and its local stations WON -TV and WON, Columbia Broadcasting System with WBBM-TV and WBBM, National Broadcasting Company with WNBQ (TV) and WMAQ, and Ameri- can Broadcasting Company-Paramount Theatres, Inc., with WBKB (TV) and WLS. Among the many independent local radio stations that have given generous attention to the Museum on their programs are: WFMT, WIND, WJJD, WAIT, WAAF, WFMF, WFJL, WEDC, WEAW, WCFL, WSBC, WOPA, WNMP, WLEY, WHIP, WHFC, WXRT, WGES, and WMBI. The Museum again acknowledges the courtesy, continued for many years, of the Chicago Transit Authority, Chicago and North Western Railway, Illinois Central System, and Chicago, Aurora and Elgin Railroad, which helped promote the success of the Edward E. Ayer Lectures for adults and the children's programs offered by Raymond Foundation by permitting the display in passenger coaches and stations of placards advertising these events. 73 PUBLICATIONS AND PRINTING Distribution of publications of the Museum through exchange with institutions and individuals totaled 12,737 copies for the year. Sales included 4,723 copies in the scientific series, 17,929 copies in the popular and miscellaneous series, and 27,466 copies of the General Guide, a total of 50,118 copies. The Museum printed during the year thirty-nine publications (twenty-six reprints) in its scientific series, one reprint in its popular series, one annual report, and three indexes to volumes. The total number of copies printed was 34,079, with a total of 1,999 pages of type composition. Twelve numbers of Chicago Natural History Museum Bulletin were printed, averaging 6,500 copies an issue. Other work by letterpress totaled 688,653 impressions. Two series of Museum Stories and For Pebble Pups, A Collecting Guide for Junior Geologists (see page 29) were printed by vari-type-offset. Among publications issued during 1955 are the following: DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY Collier, Donald Cultural Chronology and Change as Reflected in the Ceramics of the Vini Valley, Peru, Fieldiana: Anthropology, vol. 43, 226 pages, 73 illustrations Gelb, Ignace J. Old Akkadian Inscriptions in Chicago Natural History Museum, Texts of Legal and Bu^ness Interest, Fieldiana: Anthropology, vol. 44, no. 2, 180 pages, 60 illustrations DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Sherff, Earl Edward Revision of the Hawaiian Members of the Genus Tetraplasandra A. Gray, Fieldiana: Botany, vol. 29, no. 2, 96 pages Sw ALLEN, Jason R. Flora of Guatemala, Part II: Grasses of Guatemala, Fieldiana: Botany, vol. 24, part 2, 398 pages, 113 illustrations DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Olson, Everett Claire Fauna of the Vale and Choza: 10; Trimerorhachis: Including a Revision of Pre-Vale Species, Fieldiana: Geology, vol. 10, no. 21, 50 pages, 15 illustrations Roy, Sharat Kumar, and Robert Kriss Wyant The Paragould Meteorite, Fieldiana: Geology, vol. 10, no. 23, 22 pages, 19 illustrations Sloan, Robert E. The Carboniferous Gastropod Genus Glabrocingulum Thomas, Fieldiana: Geology, vol. 10, no. 22, 7 pages, 5 illustrations 74 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY Haas, Fritz On Some Small Collections of Inland Shells from South America, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 35, 27 pages, 15 illustrations Rand, Austin L. A New Species of Thrush from Angola, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 31, 3 pages Three New Bulbuls from Africa (Class Aves), Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 33, 4 pages Schmidt, Karl P. Coral Snakes of the Genus Micruru^ in Colombia, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 34, 23 pages, 5 illustrations The Truth about Snake Stories, Popular Series, Zoology, no. 10, 23 pages, 9 illustrations (reprint) Strohecker, H. F. A New Species of Chondria, With a Key to the Bornean Species (Coleoptera: Endomychidae) , Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 34, no. 32, 2 pages, 1 illustration Various Authors Karl Patterson Schmidt Anniversary Volume, In Honor of His Sixty-fifth Birthday, Fieldiana: Zoology, volume 37 (26 numbers), 728 pages, 178 illustrations (with Forewords by Stanley Field, President of Chicago Natural History Museum, and by Clifford C. Gregg, Director) the following numbers in volume 37 (fieldiana: zoology) are by members OF THE department OF ZOOLOGY AND HAVE BEEN REPRINTED SINGLY: Blake, Emmet R. A Collection of Colombian Game Birds, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 1, 15 pages, 1 illustration (reprint) Davis, D. D wight Masticatory Apparatus in the Spectacled Bear Tremarctos ornatus, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 2, 22 pages, 8 illustrations (reprint) DE LA Torre, Luis Bats from Guerrero, Jalisco and Oaxaca, Mexico, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 26, 9 pages, 3 illustrations (reprint) Dybas, Henry S. New Feather-Wing Beetles from Termite Nests in the American Tropics (Cole- optera: Ptiliidae), Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 21, 17 pages, 7 illustrations (reprint) Emerson, Alfred E. Geographical Origins and Dispersions of Termite Genera, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 18, 57 pages (reprint) Grey, Marion Notes on a Collection of Bermuda Deep-Sea Fishes, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 9, 38 pages, 12 illustrations (reprint) Haas, Fritz On Non-Marine Shells from Northeastern Brazil and Peru, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 10, 35 pages, 18 illustrations (reprint) Haas, Georg Palestinian Species and Races of Jaminia Risso (Mollusca; Gastropoda), Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 15, 29 pages, 11 illustrations (reprint) 75 Hershkovitz, Philip South American Marsh Rats, Genus Holochilus, With a Summary of Sigmodont Rodents, PMeldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 24, 49 pages, 19 illustrations (reprint) HOOGSTRAAL, HaRRY Bat Ticks of the Genus Argas (Ixodoidea, Argasidae); 1. The Subgenus Chir- opterargas, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 22, 22 pages, 11 illustrations (reprint) Inger, Robert F. Ecological Notes on the Fish Fauna of a Coastal Drainage of North Borneo, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 3, 44 pages, 4 illustrations (reprint) Marx, Hymen, and Robert F. Inger Notes on Snakes of the Genus Calamaria, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 7, 43 pages, 7 illustrations (reprint) Medem, Fred A New Subspecies of Caiman sclerops from Colombia, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 11, 6 pages, 2 illustrations (reprint) Nelson, Edward M. The Morphology of the Swim Bladder and Auditory Bulla in the Holocentridae, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 5, 17 pages, 3 illustrations (reprint) Rand, Austin L. The Origin of the Land Birds of Tristan da Cunha, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 6, 28 pages, 2 illustrations (reprint) Sanborn, Colin Campbell Remarks on the Bats of the Genus Vampyrops, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 14, 11 pages (reprint) Seevers, Charles H. A Revision of the Tribe Amblyopinini: Staphylinid Beetles Parasitic on Mam- mals, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 8, 54 pages, 17 illustrations (reprint) Traub, Robert, and Alfredo Barrera Three New Fleas of the Genus Strepsylla Traub (Siphonaptera: Hystrichop- syllidae), Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 20, 19 pages, 4 illustrations (reprint) Wenzel, Rupert L. The Histerid Beetles of New Caledonia (Coleoptera: Histeridae), Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 23, 37 pages, 9 illustrations (reprint) Woods, Loren P. Western Atlantic Species of the Genus Holocentrus, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 4, 29 pages, 5 illustrations (reprint) the following numbers in volume 37 (fieldiana: zoology) are by members of the department of geology and have been reprinted singly: Denison, Robert H. Early Devonian Vertebrates from the Knoydart Formation of Nova Scotia, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 17, 16 pages, 5 illustrations (reprint) Olson, Everett C. Parallelism in the Evolution of the Permian Reptilian Faunas of the Old and Neio Worlds, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 13, 17 pages (reprint) Patterson, Bryan A Symmetrodont from the Early Cretaceous of Northern Texas, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 25, 5 pages, 1 illustration (reprint) 76 Richardson, Eugene S., Jr. A New Variety of Cretaceotis Decapod from Texas, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 16, 4 pages, 1 illustration (reprint) TuRNBULL, William D., and Priscilla F. Turnbull A Recently Discovered Phlegethontia from Illinois, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 19, 17 pages, 5 illustrations (reprint) ZaNGERL, RaINER, AND WiLLIAM D. TURNBULL Procolpochelys grandaeva (Leidy), An Early Carettine Sea Turtle, Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, no. 12, 40 pages, 22 illustrations (reprint) ADMINISTRATIVE PUBLICATION Report of the Director to the Board of Trustees for the Year 195U, 146 pages, 24 illustrations The type specimen of a new species of thrush (Cossypha heinrichi), a discovery of Conover Angola Expedition, is shown with description published by Museum. ,-^* 77 CO-OPERATION WITH OTHER INSTITUTIONS It is always a pleasure to welcome to the Museum distinguished visitors from other museums and research institutions. Such visits, in ever-increasing numbers, speak eloquently of the superb research collections, library, and other research facilities available here. Revealing indeed was the recent remark of a scientist from the Dark Continent, "How strange that I should have to come to Chicago to learn about Africa!" Among visitors in the Department of Anthropology were John Anglim, United States National Museum; Dr. Jean Caudmont, Instituto Colombino de Antropologia, Bogata, Colombia; Dr. Stephen Borhegyi, Natural History Museum, University of Okla- homa; Frederic H. Douglas, Denver Art Museum; Dr. Wilson Duff, Provencial Museum, Victoria, British Columbia; Dr. George Foster, Acting Director, Museum of Anthropology, University of California; Dr. Robert Heine-Geldern, University of Vienna, Austria; Dr. Jeremy Ingalls, Rockford College; Dr. Frangoise Girard, Musee de I'Homme, Paris; Dr. Mohamed N. Kohzad, Kabul Museum, Af- ghanistan; Dr. Li Shu-hua, Columbia University; Dr. Harald Schultz, Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Dr. Carl Schuster, Woodstock, New York; Dr. Dietrich Seckel, University of Heidel- berg, Germany; Dr. Dwight Wallace, University of California; and Clifford P. Wilson, Hudson's Bay Company Historical Museum. Visiting botanists included Dr. George H. Coons, United States Department of Agriculture; Dr. Sidney F. Glassman, University of Illinois (Navy Pier, Chicago); Floyd A. Swink, University of Illinois (College of Pharmacy); Dr. Carl Heimburger, Forestry Department, Province of Ontario, Canada; Dr. Robert Hilker, Torrey Botanical Club; Dr. Hugh C. Cutler, Lawrence Kaplan, and Dr. Rolla M. Tryon, Missouri Botanical Garden; Dr. and Mrs. Antonio Krapovickas, Ministerio de Agricultura, Argentina; Dr. Paul Voth, University of Chicago; Sister Basilia and Sister Hilaire, Rosary College; Father Huertas, Washington University (St. Louis); Dr. Raulino Reitz, Herbario "Barbarosa Rodrigues," Brazil; Dr. Charles DeVol, Marion College; Miss Ruth Hunt, American Peoples Encycolpedia; Dr. Jesus Idrobo, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogata, Colombia; Professor J. Arthur Reyniers, University of Notre Dame; Dr. E. E. Leppik, Augustana College; Dr. Ichizo Nishiyama, Kyoto University, Japan; Dr. C. Ritchie Bell, Univer- sity of North Carolina; Dr. Adriance S. Fester, University of Cali- fornia; Dr. Verne Grant and Dr. Philip Munz, Santa Ana Botanic Garden; Dr. Dwight H. Moore, University of Arkansas; Malcolm 78 Work of junior and advanced classes held in this Museum by the School of the Art Institute of Chicago is on special exhibition in Stanley Field Hall every year. Davis, Wiley and Company, New York; Dr. I. W. Bailey, Harvard University; and Dr. Rodolfo E. G. Pichi-Sermolli, Florence, Italy. Visitors in the Department of Geology included Dr. Margaret Jean Hough, United States Geological Survey; Dr. Claude W. Hibbard, University of Michigan; Dr. Marie L. Hopkins, Idaho State College; Morris Skinner, American Museum of Natural History; and Dr. Raymond C. Moore, University of Kansas. Visiting zoologists included Dr. Jorge A. Ibarra, Director, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Guatemala City; Dr. Kenneth C. Parkes, Carnegie Museum; Dr. Clifford V. Davis, Montana State College; Dr. Karl Koopman, Queens College; Arthur M. Greenhall, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad; Dr. John W. Aldrich, United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Herbert G. Deignan and Robert Kanazawa, United States National Museum; Richard R. Graber, University of Oklahoma; Miguel Alvarez del Toro, Director, Instituto Zoologico de Estado Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico; Dr. G. C. A. Junge, 7^ Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, Netherlands; Wil- liam H. Phelps, Caracas, Venezuela; Dr. Paul Pirlot, Insituto pour le Recherche Scientific in Afrique Centrale, Belgian Congo; Dr. S. Dillon Ripley, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale Univer- sity; Dr. William Rowan, University of Alberta, Canada; Robert K. Selander, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California; Dr. Charles G. Sibley, Cornell University; Dr. Reay H. N. Smithers, Director, National Museum of Southern Rhodesia; Dr. Josselyn van Tyne, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan; Dr. Charles Vaurie, American Museum of Natural History; Dr. K. H. Voous, Zoologisch Museum Amsterdam, Netherlands; J. D. Webster, Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences; Dr. David K. Wetherbee, University of Connecticut; Dr. Alexander Wetmore, Smithsonian Institution; Dr. Philip J. Clark, William E. Duellman, James E. Mosiman, and George Rabb, University of Michigan; Dr. Joseph Camin and Dr. Howard K. Gloyd, Chicago Academy of Sciences; Makram Kaiser, United States Naval Medical Research Unit, Cairo, Egypt; Dr. James Bohlke, Philadelphia; Dr. John Briggs, University of Florida; Charles E. Mohr, Audubon Nature Center, Greenwich, Connecticut; Brother G. Nicholas, Cumberland, Maryland; Dr. Don Eric Rosen, New York Zoological Society; Dr. William Horsfall and Dr. H. H. Shoemaker, University of Illinois; A. Yashoub, Zichron- Yonhov, Israel; Renato Araujo, Department Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Dr. George Anastos, University of Maryland; Dr. Edward Baker, Agricultural Research Service, Washington, D.C.; M. W. Bursey, London and Paris; Dr. Sidney Camras, Chicago; Dr. Thomas Daggy, Davidson College; John E. Despauls, United States Army Quartermaster Subsistance Testing Laboratory, Chicago; Dr. Melville Hatch, University of Washington; Dr. J. R. Hendrickson, University of Malaya, Singapore; H. Kaiser and Dr. Kamal Wassif, University of Egypt, Cairo; Dr. Robert Beer, D. Wallace La Berge, and Dr. Robert Sokal, University of Kansas; Oscar Lopp, South Cook County Mosquito Abatement District; Dr. Rodger Mitchell, University of Vermont; A. Ormidvar, Ministry of Agriculture, Teheran, Iran; Professor Paul Remy, University of Nancy, France; Harold C. Hanson, Dr. Herbert H. Ross, Dr. Milton W. Sanderson, and Dr. Richard Selander, Illinois State Natural History Survey; Dr. P. M. Sheppard, Oxford Univer- sity, England; Dr. Leonila Vazquez, Instituto de Biologia, Mexico; Alejandro Villalobos, Mexico City; F. McMichael, Sydney, Aus- tralia; Yoshido Kondo, Honolulu; Dr. S. 0. Landry, University of Missouri; Dr. E. L. Du Brul, University of Illinois (Dentistry);- and Dr. C. A. Reed, University of Illinois (Pharmacy). 80 The Museum continues its co-operation with other scientific institutions in many research projects, large and small. For example, identification of mammals for other museums and for organizations concerned with the study of diseases transmitted by parasites and viruses carried by mammalian hosts is an important and exacting service performed by the Division of Mammals. Its curatorial staff during the year identified bats for the United States Public Health Service and for the Fourth Army Medical Corps in connection with their studies of bat rabies, and other animals (mostly small rodents) were sent to this Museum for identification by governmental in- stitutions in Venezuela, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, and Trinidad. A collection of more than one thousand duplicate specimens repre- senting seventy-three species of Philippine mammals was shipped by this Museum to the National Museum in Manila in accordance with an agreement with that institution for co-operative study of the fauna of the Philippine Islands. In addition, the curatorial staff attempted to satisfy the many requests from newspapers, book publishers, authors, and artists for information about mammals. Another example of co-operative work is the Museum's par- ticipation in the Micronesian-insect survey and the publication of the series Insects of Micronesia described in the Annual Report for 1952 (page 67). In this connection 18,424 additional insect specimens were sent during 1955 to specialists in the United States and abroad and about forty small lots remain to be shipped. As publication of the series gets under way (two volumes and parts of others have already appeared) large collections of insects will be re- turned to Chicago Natural History Museum. These must be divided for distribution to co-operating institutions according to previous agreements, a task that involves much labeling, sorting, shipping, and correspondence. Records in published reports must be checked to make certain that our own specimens are properly assigned and that our Museum receives its share of the collections, according to agreements. So many specialists and so many collections are in- volved that it is an exceedingly complicated situation. Several members of our scientific staff devote some of their time to lecturing and to supervising the studies of graduate or undergraduate students who carry on special work at the Museum. A course in muscology was given in the Department of Anthropology during the spring quarter for three graduate students from the University of Chicago, and a seminar on archaeology and ethnology of the southwestern United States was held in the Museum in co-operation with the University of Chicago and Northwestern University. The advanced course in vertebrate paleontology of the 81 University of Chicago was given at the Museum by Dr. Everett C. Olson, professor of vertebrate paleontology at the university and Research Associate in the Museum's Division of Fossil Vertebrates. Dr. Donald Collier, Curator of South American Archaeology and Ethnology, took part in a symposium on cultural evolution held at the University of Illinois (Urbana) and conducted a seminar on research in archaeology at the University of Chicago. Dr. Theodor Just, Chief Curator of Botany, conducted a seminar in botany and Dr. Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Curator of Fossil In- vertebrates, and Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles, lectured on micropaleontology at the University of Illinois (Urbana). Dr. Austin L. Rand, Chief Curator of Zoology, who was appointed a member of the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, showed at Cranbrook Institute the Museum film, "Marsh Birds of the Upper Nile," featuring the Buchen East Africa Zoological Expedition of 1952; Dr. Karl P. Schmidt, Curator Emeritus of Zoology, lectured at the University of Michigan and the University of Missouri; and D. Dwight Davis, Curator of Vertebrate Anatomy, lectured at North Central College. Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Curator of the Phanerogamic Her- barium, was re-elected to serve another year on the Board of Gover- nors of Nature Conservancy and continued as the Museum's dele- gate to the Conservation Council of Chicago and on the Natural History Advisory Committee for Illinois Beach State Park under the Governor of the State of Illinois. Dr. John W. Thieret, Curator of Economic Botany, participated in the state-wide conference in Chicago on control of Dutch elm disease. Henry S. Dybas, Associ- ate Curator of Insects, was reappointed by Judge Otto Kemer to another four-year term as a member of the Board of Trustees of the South Cook County Mosquito Abatement District and subsequently was elected secretary of the Board. He represented both the Mu- seum and the South Cook County Mosquito Abatement District at a meeting at the University of Illinois (Urbana) of the Illinois Mosquito Control Association. In recognition of his many services to the Chicago Lapidary Club, John R. Millar, Deputy Director of the Museum, was presented with an honorary life-membership. Supervised classes from various art schools use the Museum exhibits as a source for sketches, designs, and creative work. A special showing of selected work of classes from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, which regularly sends classes here, is placed on exhibition in Stanley Field Hall for one month in the summer. Students from the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts and Institute of Design also make use of our Museum exhibits. College 82 and university classes make use of the Museum too. They come in great numbers not only from nearby schools (Chicago Teachers College, University of Chicago, DePaul University, University of Illinois, Illinois Institute of Technology, Loyola University, Morton Junior College, North Park College, Northwestern University, Roosevelt University, Rosary College, Valparaiso University, Wheaton College, George Williams College) but also from schools at some distance, as, for example, McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Under the co-operative educational plan adopted in 1946 by this Museum and Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio, twelve young men and women were employed in 1955 by the Mu- seum in its scientific departments (their names are listed in this Report under the appropriate departmental headings). Crowds attended Science Fair (west area) in Stanley Field Hall, a one-day show sponsored by Chicago Teachers Science Foundation to exhibit creations by pupils. 83 ACTIVITIES OF STAFF MEMBERS IN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator of Anthropology, Dr. Donald Collier, Curator of South American Archaeology and Ethnology, George I. Quimby, Curator of North American Archaeology and Ethnology, Dr. John B. Rinaldo, Assistant Curator of Archaeology, and Miss Elaine Bluhm, Assistant in Archaeology, attended the annual meetings at Indiana University of the Society for American Archaeology and the Central States Anthropological Society, where Curator Quimby and Miss Bluhm read papers. Quimby was chair- man of the joint program committee as well as program chairman for the Society for American Archaeology, Collier served as program chairman for the Central States Anthropological Society, and Martin was elected to the executive committee of the Society for American Archaeology. Dr. Theodor Just, Chief Curator of Botany, and Dr. Earl E. Sherff, Research Associate in Systematic Botany, attended the meeting at Michigan State College of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. Chief Curator Just served as a member of the Council of the Society for the Study of Evolution and as a mem- ber of the Committee on Systematic Botany of the National Science Foundation. Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Curator of the Phanero- gamic Herbarium, was awarded the Alumni Citation Plaque by Washington University (St. Louis) in recognition of outstanding work in his field and was elected a Fellow of the American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Rainer Zangerl, Curator of Fossil Reptiles, and Dr. Eugene S. Richardson, Jr., Curator of Fossil Invertebrates, reported on the Museum's Mecca (Indiana) project (see page 50) at the annual meeting in New Orleans of the Geological Society of America and at meetings of the Illinois Academy of Science in Carbondale. Curator Richardson attended the meetings in Philadelphia of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science. Dr. Austin L. Rand, Chief Curator of Zoology, and Emmet R. Blake, Curator of Birds, attended the meeting in Boston of the American Ornithologists' Union, where Chief Curator Rand was elected to the Council. Dr. Karl P. Schmidt, Curator Emeritus of Zoology, attended, with Philip Hershkovitz, Associate Curator of Mammals, the meeting of the American Institute of Biological Sciences at Michigan State College and, with D. Dwight Davis, Curator of Vertebrate Anatomy, the meeting of the Texas Her- petological Society in Anahuac. Associate Curator Hershkovitz 84 read a paper at the meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists in Los Angeles, where Curator Davis was appointed a trustee of the Society. Loren P. Woods, Curator of Fishes, and Miss Margaret G. Bradbury, Artist in the Department of Zoology, attended the annual convention at Natural Bridge, Virginia, of the National Speleological Society, at which Curator Woods read a paper on cave fishes. Dr. Fritz Haas, Curator of Lower Invertebrates, attended the annual meeting of the Pacific Branch of the Malaco- logical Union at Stanford University. Rupert L. Wenzel, Curator of Insects, attended a conference of museum entomologists at the United States National Museum in Washington, D.C., and, with Henry S. Dybas, Associate Curator, attended the meetings of the Entomological Society of America in Cincinnati. The Museum was one of the hosts during the Midwest Con- ference of Museums of the American Association of Museums held in Chicago in October. Dr. Clifford C. Gregg, Director of the Museum, welcomed delegates representing more than one hundred museums to a breakfast meeting at this Museum on October 21. Prominent among the members of our Museum's staff who partici- pated in Conference meetings were members of Raymond Founda- tion. The Museum was host on April 24 to a joint meeting of the Chicago Entomological Society and entomologists from the State Natural History Survey and the University of Illinois. The Annual Midwestern Conference of the American Library Association was attended by Mrs. Meta P. Howell, Librarian, and Mrs. M. Eileen Rocourt, of the Library staff, primarily to examine the microcard readers on display and to attend discussions of developments in systems for processing Oriental publications. The Director of the Museum was principal speaker at the annual meeting of the Cin- cinnati Museum of Natural History on the topic "The Place of the Museum in Its Community." Chief Curator Just continued to serve as editor of Lloydia (quarterly journal of biological science published by Lloyd Library and Museum, Cincinnati) and as member of the editorial staff of American Journal of Botany (official publication of the Botanical Society of America). Curator Zangerl continued as foreign-news editor and William D. Turnbull, Assistant Curator of Fossil Mam- mals, became a regional editor for Society of Vertebrate Paleontology News Bulletin. Curator Woods was appointed editor of ichthyology and herpetology for The American Midland Naturalist (published by the University of Notre Dame), and Curator Emeritus Schmidt continued as a section editor for Biological Abstracts (published under the auspices of the Union of American Biological Societies) . 85 Publications of members of the scientific staff during 1955 besides those issued by Chicago Natural History Museum include the following articles, books, and reviews: DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY Collier, Donald "The Development of Civilization on the Coast of Peru," in "Irrigation Civilizations: A Comparative Symposium," Social Science Monographs, vol. 1, pp. 19-27 (Pan American Union, Washington, D.C.; also an edition in Spanish) Review of Excavations at Wari, Ayacucho, Peru (by Wendell C. Bennett), in American Anthropologist, vol. 52, pp. 646-647 Martin, Paul S. Review of The Material Culture of Pueblo Bonito (by Neil M. Judd), in The Scientific Monthly, vol. 81, no. 3, p. 150 QuiMBY, George I. "Reply to Aschmann's Comment on Quimby's Cultural and Natural Areas," American Antiquity, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 378-379 Rinaldo, John B. Review of Basket Maker II Sites Near Durango, Colorado (by Earl H. Morris and Robert F. Burgh), in American Antiquity, vol 21, no. 1, pp. 89-90 Review of Salvage Archaeology in the Chama Valley, New Mexico (assembled by Fred Wendorf), in American Antiquity, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 294-295 DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Just, Theodor Review of Die Pflanzenelle (by Ernst Kiister), in The Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 362-363 Review of Kulturtechnische Botanik (by Fritz Jiirgen Meyer), in The Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 29, no. 4, p. 370 Review of The Fern Genus Diellia (by Warren H. Wagner, Jr.), in The Quar- terly Review of Biology, vol. 29, no. 4, p. 366 Steyermark, Julian A. "Advance of Spring in Missouri," Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin, vol. 43, pp. 95-96 "Attack on Chimanta," Natural History Magazine, vol. 64, no. 9, pp. 484-488 "Calycera balsamitaefolia in the United States," Rhodora, vol. 57, no. 674, p. 72 [with Floyd A. Swink] "Columnea crassifolia — The Correct Name for Columnea stenophylla," National Horticultural Magazine, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 109-111 "Effects of the Drouth in Missouri, 1955," Missouri Botanical Garden Bul- letin, vol. 43, pp. 54-59 "Epipactis Helleborine in Illinois," Rhodora, vol. 57, no. 676. p. 131 "New Plants from El Salvador and Mexico," Ceiba, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 300-301 "1955 Discoveries," Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin, vol. 43, pp. 150-151 "Plants New to Illinois and to the Chicago Region," Rhodora, vol. 57, no. 681, pp. 265-268 [with Floyd A. Swink] "Plants New to Missouri," Rhodora, vol. 57, no. 683, pp. 310-319 [with Ernest J. Palmer] 86 Steyermark, Julian A. (continued) "Platycarpum Schultesii Steyermark," Plantae Colombianae XIII (Richard Evans Schultes), Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 96-97 "Scientific Evidence Reveals Destructive Effects of Dams," Pro Natura: Hydro-Electricity and Nature Protection, vol. 2, pp. 179-185 "Stenopadus colombianus," Plantae Colombianae XIII (Richard Evans Schultes), Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 99-100 [with Jose Cuatrecasas] "The Ozarks — Their Past, Present, and Future," Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin, vol. 43, pp. 2-12 "What's Green?" Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin, vol. 43, p. 149 "Wildflower Contrasts between Northern and Southern Missouri," Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin, vol. 43, pp. 81-87 Thieret, John W. "The Seeds of Veronica and Allied Genera," Lloydia, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 37-45 "The Status of Berendtia A. Gray," vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 304-305 DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Zangerl, Rainer, and Eugene S. Richardson, Jr. "Ecologic History of a Transgressing Pennsylvanian Sea near Mecca, Indiana (Preliminary Report)," Program 1955 Annual Meetings, Geological Society of America, p. 115A DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY Blake, Emmet R. The Species of Middle American Birds, The Transactions of the Linnaean Society of New York, volume 7, 128 pages [with Eugene Eisemann and Edward L. Chalif] Grey, Marion "Melamphaes triceratops, A Synonym of the Deep Sea Fish M. anthrax," Copeia, 1955, no. 2, pp. 147-148 The Fishes of the Genus Tetragonurus, Dana Report (Carlsberg Foundation, Copenhagen), number 41, 75 pages, 16 illustrations Haas, Fritz "Binnenschnecken aus einer Karbon-Landschaft im unteren Amazon- asgebiete," Archiv filr Mollunskenkunde, vol. 84, pp. 101-105 Bivalvia, Bronns Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreiches (Leipzig), volume 3, part 4, 245 pages "Kurze Mitteilungen," Archiv filr Molluskenkunde, vol. 84, pp. 211-212 "Mollusca: Gastropoda" [Percy Sladen Trust Expedition], The Transactions of the Linnaean Society of London, vol. 1, pt. 3, 1955, pp. 275-308, 28 illustrations Hershkovitz, Philip "Notes on American Monkeys of the genus Cebus," Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 449-452 "On the Cheek Pouches of the Tropical American Paca, Agouti paca (Lin- naeus, 1766)," Sdugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 67-70 "Status of the generic name Zorilla (Mammalia): Nomenclature by Rule or by Caprice," Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, vol. 68, pp. 185-191 87 OLO WORLD PLYCATCHIRS rAMUY MUSCICAPIOAI A. •OAT-IILLIO FLTCATCNtH MACHAtRIKHYHCHUS fLAVIVIHTEB ■. •Ilr-HIAMD rLYCATCHIl CULICICAM CITkOMtlitlS C WATTtf-IVI rkATTSTIIIA PILTATA 0. VAIIISATfO «IIN-»A*»Ltl ALUIUS LAMtlDTI 1. ^AIAOISI rkYCATCMIl ( MALI > TCIPSI^HOMI viaiois r. c riHALC or asovc > •. rLAMI ROtlH l>ITIIOICA PNOtNICIA H. ILACK-MAPCD FLYCATCHCII HYPOTMYMIS A2URIA I. BUrOUS-llkLlID HILTAVA ailTAVA SUMOAtA i. SPOTTID FkYCATCHti HUSCICAPA STRIATA K. tLACK AND WHITI FAMTAlk MIPIOURA LtUCOrHtVS 88 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY (continued) Inger, Robert F. "A Revision of the Fishes of the genus Plesiops Cuvier," Pacific Science, vol. 9, pp. 259-276, 4 illustrations Marx, Hymen "An Artificial Key to the New World Species of Crocodilians," Copeia, 1955, pp. 1-2 [with Fred Medemj "Notes on the Behavior of Some Madagascar Chameleons," Natural History Miscellanea, no. 149, pp. 1-3 Nelson, Edward M. "The 2-3 Intervertebral Joint in the Fish Genus Catostomus," Copeia, 1955, no. 2, pp. 151-152 Rand, Austin L. "A New Chough from the Highlands of Abyssinia," Bulletin of the British Ornothologists' Club, vol. 75, p. 28 (with Charles Vaurie] Birds from Iraq and Syria, in Henry Field's Contributions to the Fauna and Flora of Southwestern Asia (multilithed and distributed privately, January 29, 1955, Coconut Grove, Florida) "Philippine Bird Names of Blasius," The Auk, vol. 72, pp. 210-212 Stray Feathers from a Bird Man's Desk (Doubleday and Company, New York), 224 pages, 60 illustrations by Ruth Johnson (Andris) Review of Bower-Birds, Their Displays and Breeding Cycles (by A. J. Marshall), in The Wilson Bulletin, vol. 67, pp. 150-152 Review of The Voice of the Desert (by Joseph Wood Krutch), in Chicago Sunday Tribune Magazine of Books, October 2, 1955 Rand, Austin L., and Melvin A. Traylor, Jr. Manual de los Aves de El Salvador (Universidad de El Salvador, America Central), 308 pages, 108 illustrations by Douglas E. Tibbitts Schmidt, Karl P. "Animal Geography," in A Century of Progress in the Natural Sciences — 1853- 1953 (California Academy of Sciences Centennial, 1955), pp. 767-794, illustrated "Faunal Realms, Regions, and Provinces," The Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 29, pp. 322-331, 2 illustrations "Herpetology," in "A Century of Progress in the Natural Sciences — 1853-1953 (California Academy of Sciences Centennial, 1955), pp. 591-627, illustrated To the left are Old World flycatchers as shown in our new synoptic series of exhibits called ''Birds of the World/' of which the songbirds have been completed in three exhibits. This series is planned to show the wealth of variety in form and color in the bird world by means of selected examples of the nine thousand species. The birds are displayed in natural groups, called families, with the nearest relatives next to each other. Extraneous material, such as perches, is reduced to a minimum so that interest may focus on the specimens. This series of exhibits is located in Boardman Conover Hall (Hall 21, Birds in Systematic Arrangement). 89 CAFETERIA Total receipts for the year in the cafeteria were $136,740, about $12,000 under last year's figure, although the average salescheck was about 10 per cent higher. The decline in sales reflected rather accurately the decline in attendance at the Museum. The automatic vending-machines for service of soft drinks continue to fill an im- portant need during the hours when the cafeteria and lunchroom are not open to patrons. MAINTENANCE, CONSTRUCTION, AND ENGINEERING The Divisions of Maintenance and Engineering worked with the scientific departments of the Museum throughout the year in installation and lighting of the exhibition halls for the exhibits described in the departmental reports (see pages 42, 46, 55, and 63) . In the woodworking shop, exhibition cases were built or remodeled for Halls A, G, 7, and 8 of the Department of Anthropology, Hall 26 of the Department of Botany, Halls 34 and 35 of the Department of Geology, and Halls 20 and 21 of the Department of Zoology. Sub- standard lighting panels were replaced in Halls 5 and 10 of Depart- ment of Anthropology, Halls 22 and O of Department of Zoology, and Hall 35. New outlets were installed in Halls A, G, and 8 to light exhibition cases reinstalled in those halls. A floor outlet was established in Hall 34 for lighting the four dioramas (see page 55) that were placed in the center of that newly reinstalled hall. Windows were bricked up and walls plastered in Hall 35, and electrical wiring was provided for lighting exhibits in this hall, which will be completely reinstalled. Various minor alterations were made in the Museum laboratories and offices in order to improve working conditions for the staff. New aluminum screens were installed throughout the building, and two exhaust fans were placed on the third floor to make the offices more comfortable for the staff in the summer. Storage equipment, which included 140 trays made for the Department of Geology and 430 trays for the Division of Birds as well as a number of steel cases purchased on contract, was installed, in addition to steel shelving in the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles and the store- room of The Book Shop. Expedition chests for the Department of Zoology and shipping cases for the Division of Publications were made as needed. Four additional benches were provided in the exhibition halls for use of Museum visitors. 90 This Menangkabau village scene is but one of the exhibits illustrating life in Indonesia in reopened Hall G (Peoples of the Malay Peninsula and Indonesia). The checkroom at the south entrance of the Museum was re- modeled to provide greater capacity for school groups. The outside freight-elevator received new sections of steel flooring, and the flagpoles and exterior signs were painted. Washing and painting the exhibition halls as well as cleaning plate glass in exhibition cases proceeded throughout the year in routine manner. Fire extinguishers were checked and recharged as required. The efficiency of the Museum heating plant was maintained by renovation in the summer of the entire system. Boilers were cleaned and wa.shed, heat exchanger and continuous blowdowns were re- moved, cleaned, and replaced, vent pipes for the ash conveyor were overhauled, and one section of the ash conveyor was replaced. The coal conveyor, coal lorry, and steelwork in the boiler room were repainted as necessary. Stokers and forced-draft fans were checked, cleaned and oiled, automatic controls were cleaned, new filters were installed, feed pumps, vacuum pumps, condensate pumps, and water pumps were completely serviced, and new bearings were installed in the fire pump. Condensate lines were drawn, checked, and in some instances remodeled in order to establish new pitch for easier draining and better operation. The plumbing throughout the building was maintained at its usual high level of efficiency. 91 Shedd Aquarium was provided with 11,025,088 pounds of steam and the Chicago Park District was provided with 19,113,418 pounds of steam under our heating contracts with those organizations. Experimentation with different grades of coal permitted a lowering of the cost of production and a consequent reduction in the price of steam sold during the year. MISCELLANEOUS In the pages that follow are submitted the Museum's financial statements, attendance statistics, door receipts, accessions, list of Members, articles of incorporation, and amended by-laws. Clifford C. Gregg, Director Chicago Natural History Museum 92 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES CURRENT FUNDS FOR YEARS 1955 AND 1954 GENERAL OPERATING FUND RECEIPTS 1955 1954 From investments in securities and real estate General endowment funds $ 671,846.11 $ 711,279.14 Life and associate membership funds 31,802.86 29,525.31 $ 703,648.97 $ 740,804.45 Chicago Park District— tax collections 184,031.24 139,554.27 Annual and sustaining memberships 26,670.00 25,335.00 Admissions 32,287.75 34,105.75 Sundry receipts, including general purpose contributions 45,606.28 49,043.84 Restricted funds transferred to apply against Operating Fund expenditures (contra) 69,305.36 88,894.08 $1,061,549.60 $1,077,737.39 EXPENDITURES Operating expenses Departmental operating expenses $ 454,910.43 $ 452,071.58 General operating expenses 373,960.85 371,564.11 Building repairs and alterations 95,128.16 87,933.21 $ 923,999.44 $ 911,568.90 Collections Purchases and expedition costs 42,489.36 35,885.15 Furniture, fixtures, and equipment 5,252.61 40,790.25 Pensions and employees' benefits 62,893.93 64,474.03 Appropriations in lieu of premiums formerly payable on assigned life insurance 14,500.00 14,500.00 Provision for mechanical plant depreciation (contra) 10,000.00 10,000.00 Appropriated to cover operating deficit of The N. W. Harris Public School Extension (contra) 2,560.00 1,238.79 $1,061,695.34 $1,078,457.12 DEFICIT FOR YEAR $ (145.74 ) $ (719.73 ) AUDITOR'S CERTIFICATE APPEARS ON FOLLOWING PAGE CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE 93 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES-CURRENT FUNDS FOR YEARS 1955 AND 1954 (CONTINUED) THE N, W, HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION FUND 1955 1954 Income from endowments $ 23,972.31 $ 22,818.55 Expenditures 26,532.31 24,057.34 DEFICIT TRANSFERRED TO OPERATING FUND (CONTRA) $ (2,560.00) $ (1,238.79) OTHER RESTRICTED FUNDS RECEIPTS 1955 1954 From Specific Endowment Fund investments $ 63,044.33 $ 59,319.99 Contributions for specified purposes 17,000.00 25,218.38 Operating Fund appropriations for mechanical plant depreciation (contra) 10,000.00 10,000.00 Sundry receipts— net 65,480.51 39,731.26 $ 155,524.84 $ 134,269.63 EXPENDITURES Transferred to Operating Fund to apply against expenditures (contra) $ 69,305.36 $ 88,894.08 Added to Endowment Fund principal 36,000.00 30,000.00 $ 105,305.36 $ 118,894.08 EXCESS OF RECEIPTS OVER EXPENDITURES. . . $ 50,219.48 $ 15,375.55 To The Trustees Chicago Natural History Museum Chicago, Illinois In our opinion the accompanying statement presents fairly the receipts and ex- penditures of the current funds of Chicago Natural History Museum for the years 1955 and 1954, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles con- sistently applied during the years. Our examination of the statement was made in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and accordingly included such tests of the accounting records and such other auditing procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. Arthur Young & Company Chicago, Illinois January 25, 1956 94 COMPARATIVE ATTENDANCE STATISTICS AND DOOR RECEIPTS FOR YEARS 1955 AND 1954 1955 Total attendance 1,072,676 Paid attendance 129,151 Free admissions on pay days Students 39,272 School children 98,408 Teachers 5,739 Members of the Museum 397 Service men and women 1,595 Special meetings and occasions 1,778 Press 9 Admissions on free days Thursdays (52) 132,699 Saturdays (52) 302,283 Sundays (51) 361,345 Highest attendance on any day (May 7) . . 16,227 Lowest attendance on any day (February 7) 209 Highest paid attendance (September 5) . . 3,430 Average daily admissions (363 days) 2,955 Average paid admissions (208 days) 620 Number of picture post-cards sold 239,020 Sales of Museum publications (scientific and popular), General Guide, and photographs; checkroom receipts. . . .$20,443.37 1954 1,142,200 136,423 37,724 97,891 4,855 575 1,540 2,793 20 (52) 151,014 (51) 280,835 (52) 428,530 (August 15) 13,610 (December 15) 238 (July 5) 3,389 (363 days) 3,147 (208 days) 656 236,575 $20,754.17 95 Contributions and Bequests Contributions and bequests to Chicago Natural History Museum may be made in securities, money, books, or collections. They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to a person or cause, to be named by the giver. For those desirous of making bequests to the Museum, the following form is suggested : FORM OF BEQUEST I do hereby give and bequeath to Chicago Natural History Museum of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois: Cash contributions made within the taxable year to Chicago Natural History Museum to an amount not in excess of 20 per cent of the taxpayer's net income are allowable as deductions in computing net income for federal income tax 96 ACCESSIONS, 1955 DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY -ACCESSIONS Bensabott, R., Chicago: large Ch'ien-lung jade jar, 18th century — China (gift) Bradford, Lester, Hebron, Maine: marimba, Kuranko tribe — Sierra Le- one, British West Africa (gift) Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn: plas- ter case of torso (from statue the head of which is part of our collections) — Thebes, Egypt (exchange) BusTiN, Dr. Andrew G., Joliet, Illinois: Zapotec pottery funeral urn and Chinese bronze censor — Mexico and China (gift) ChicagoNaturalHistory Museum: Collected by Dr. Paul S. Martin (Southwest Archaeological Expedition, 1955): 22 restorable and 6 intact pot- tery vessels, 113 stone, bone, shell, and baked-clay artifacts, 161 flake knives, scrapers, and choppers, and 2 frag- mentary human skeletons — Foote Can- yon, Perry Lawson Site, Saddle Moun- tain Site, Delgar Site, and Powerline Site, near Reserve, New Mexico Collected by George L Quimby (Louisiana Archaeological Field Trip, 1955): archaeological materials of stone and clay — Poverty Point Site, Louisiana Purchases: T'ang period mortuary dovecote, China; 21 pieces of modern Navaho jewelry (for exhibition in Hall 7) Churchill, Ralph H., Chicago: copper knife or spear blade — Kane County, Illinois (gift) Clingan, Mrs. Frank, Detroit: musical instrument (nzinza), Bura tribe — Nigeria (gift) Field, Dr. Henry, Coconut Grove, Florida: 10 plaster casts of seals from ancient city of Mohenjo-Daro — Paki- stan (gift) Finnegan, Mrs. Edward R., Chi- cago: pottery jar. Middle Mississippi Culture — Dean's Island, Arkansas (gift) Getz, Mrs. Harry W., Moline, Illinois: 2 Navaho blankets — South- western United States (gift) Harvey, Byron, III, Albuquerque, New Mexico: prehistoric Hopi ladle and Anasazi seed-jar — Arizona (gift) Historical Museum, Hudson's Bay Company, Winnipeg, Manitoba: sculp- tured soapstone figure and 2 walrus tusks with engravings, both modern Eskimo — Hudson's Bay (exchange) KoHNSTAMM, VICTOR R., Mexico, D.F.: pottery vase in Aztec style, con- taining charred human bones — Mexico (gift) Kropff, Carl G., Chicago: 7 archae- ological specimens of bone, slate, ivory, and antler, ancient Eskimo — near Point Barrow, Alaska (gift) Lewis, Phillip H., Chicago: 10 malanggan ceremonial carvings and objects, 2 masks, and 6 miscellaneous ethnological specimens, Notsi linguis- tic area — Northeast Coast, New Ire- land (gift) Pohly, Richard A., Tulsa, Okla- homa: pre-Columbian clay figurine — State of Barinas, Venezuela (gift) SCHULTZ, Harald, Sao Paulo, Brazil: 2 clay figurines, feather headdress, Karaja tribe — Araguaia River, Brazil (exchange) Stough, Robert A., Chicago: Chi- nese rubbing — China (gift) Taubenhaus, Dr. Matthew, Chi- cago: 2 pre-Columbian pottery vessels — Province of Veraguas, Panama (gift) Trier, Robert, Chicago: 34 Maori specimens of stone, bone, and wood — New Zealand (gift) Varley, Frank, Toronto, Ontario: carved whale of walrus ivory, modern Eskimo — Baffin Island (gift) Zingarelli, Mrs. Lily, Chicago: tweezer made of fiber, with twisted fiber handle for plucking facial hair — New Guinea (gift) 97 DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY -ACCESSIONS Agricultural Research Station, Lilongwe, Nyasaland: 29 seed samples (gift) Archer-Daniels-Midland Com- pany, Decatur, Illinois: 6 economic specimens (gift) Argentina, Administration Naci- ONAL DE BosQUES, Buenos Aires: 44 wood specimens, 19 seed samples (ex- change) Arkansas, University of, Fayette- ville: 567 plant specimens (exchange) Bartel, Karl, Chicago: plant speci- men (gift) Becker, Robert H., Chicago: plant specimen (gift) Beeler, Harvey, Seattle: 2 plant specimens (gift) Bennet, Holly Reed, Chicago: 2,074 plant specimens (gift) Boe, Roger W., Broadview, Illinois: 2 fungi (gift) Botanic Gardens of Indonesia, Bogor, Java: 54 seed samples (exchange) Botanischer Garten und Museum, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany: seed samples (exchange) British Museum (Natural His- tory), London: 779 plant specimens (exchange) California, University of, Berke- ley: 540 cryptogamic specimens (ex- change); plant specimen (gift) Carleton, Milton, Chicago: 2 plant specimens (gift) Ceylon, Division of Systematic Botany, Peradeniya: 16 seed samples (exchange) Chicago NaturalHistory Museum : Collected by Dr. B. E. Dahlgren (Cuba Botanical Field Trip, 1955): collection of palm material Collected by Dr. Karl P. Schmidt (Southwest Zoological Field Trip, 1955) : 85 plant specimens, fungus Collected by Emil Sella (field trip): 5 plant specimens Collected by Dr. John W. Thieret (field trips): 380 plant specimens, 400 wood specimens, 253 seed samples Purchases: 658 plant specimens — Australia; 14 wood specimens — Mauri- tius; 1,648 plant specimens — Mexico; 320 plant specimens — Pakistan; 100 plant specimens — Spain; 1,310 photo- graphs Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, Australia: 62 seed samples (exchange) ; 39 seed samples (gift) Cook, William Bridge, Cincinnati: 14 fungi (exchange); alga (gift) Daily, Mrs. Fay K., Indianapolis: alga (gift) Edmonson, Dr. W. F., Seattle: alga (gift) ESCUELA ACRfCOLA PANAMERICANA, Tegucigalpa, Honduras: 236 plant specimens (exchange) Fan, Kung-chu, Lawrence, Kansas: plant specimen, 14 algae (gift) Farr, Marie L., Kingston, Jamaica: 40 cryptogamic specimens (exchange) Fell, Dr. Egbert W., Rockford, Illinois: 309 plant specimens (gift) Ferreyra, Dr. Ramon, Lima, Peru: 100 plant specimens (exchange) Field, Dr. Henry, Coconut Grove, Florida: cryptogamic specimen (gift) Finnerud, Dr. Clark, Chicago: 2 photographs (gift) Florida State Board of Conser- vation, St. Petersburg: 2 plant speci- mens (gift) Forests, Conservator of, Sanda- kan. North Borneo: 122 wood specimens (gift) Fox, Margaret, London, England: alga (gift) Free, Mrs. Julia, Sedona, Arizona: 2 wood specimens (exchange) French Equatorial Africa, Ser- vice DE L' Agriculture de l'Ouban- qui-Chari, Bangui: 9 seed samples (gift) GiER, Dr. Leroy J., Liberty, Mis- souri: 46 plant specimens, moss (gift) Grassland Research Station, Ki- tale, Kenya: 45 seed samples (gift) Habeeb, Dr. Herbert, Grand Falls, New Brunswick: 892 algae (gift) Institute of Plant Industry, In- dore, Madhya Baharat, India: 6 seed samples (gift) Institut fur Kulturpflanzenfor- SCHUNG DER DEUTSCHEN AkADEMIE DER Wissenschaften zu BERLIN, Ber- lin, Germany: 115 seed samples (ex- change) 98 Institut National pour l' Etude Agronomique du Congo Belge, Yan- gambi, Belgian Congo: 63 seed samples (gift) Instituto Agronomico do Sul, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: 77 plant specimens (exchange) Instituto de Biologia, Chapul- tepec, Mexico: plant specimen (gift) Instituto Forestal de Investiga- ciONES Y Experiencias, Madrid, Spain: 42 wood specimens (exchange) Institutum Phytopathologicum, Suomi, Finland: 300 cryptogamic speci- mens (exchange) Jardim Botanico do Rio de Jan- eiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: 34 plant specimens, 42 wood specimens (ex- change) Johnson, S. C, and Son, Incor- porated, Racine, Wisconsin: palm material, several seed samples, several photographs (gift) Joliet Township High School, Jo- liet, Illinois: 319 plant specimens (gift) Kausel, Dr. Eberhard, Santiago, Chile: 65 plant specimens (exchange) KiENER, Dr. Walter B., Lincoln, Nebraska: 282 algae (gift) KiLLiP, Dr. E. p., Washington, D.C: 228 plant specimens, 5 cryptogamic specimens (gift) KucERA, Dr. Claire L., Columbia, Missouri: 4 plant specimens (exchange) KuTSCHERA, Dr. Lore, Lafayette, Indiana: plant specimen (gift) Laughlin, Kendall, Chicago: 4 plant specimens (gift) Lewis, J. R., Leeds, England: 14 algae (gift) LoACH, Dr. K. W., Auckland, New Zealand: 2 algae (gift) Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, Arcadia, California: 105 seed samples (exchange) Lutz, Dr. Bertha, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: 27 plant specimens (exchange) McVey, Mrs. Frances H., Valpa- raiso, Indiana: plant specimen (gift) Melbourne Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium, South Yarra, Australia: 15 plant specimens, 30 seed samples (exchange) Michigan, University of, Ann Ar- bor: 192 lichens (exchange) Minnesota, University of, Min- neapolis, 48 plant specimens (exchange) Moore, George, Glencoe, Missouri: plant specimen (gift) Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria: 11 seed samples (gift) Newhouse, W. J., Honolulu: lichen (gift) New York Botanical Garden, New York: 112 plant specimens (exchange) New York College of Forestry, State University of, Syracuse: 92 wood specimens (exchange) New Zealand Department of Agriculture, Palmerston North: 13 seed samples (gift) New Zealand Forest Service, Ro- torua: 17 wood specimens (exchange) Nielsen, Dr. Chester S., Talla- hassee, Florida: 428 algae (gift) Notre Dame, University of, Notre Dame, Indiana: 5,329 plant specimens, 16 cryptogamic specimens (gift) Palmer, Ernest J., Webb City, Mis- souri: 531 plant specimens (gift) Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia: 1,517 plant specimens (exchange) Rauh, Dr. Werner, Heidelberg, Germany: 27 plant specimens (gift) REPARTigAO Central dos Serviqo de Agricultura, Luanda, Angola: 41 seed samples (gift) REPARTigAO Tecnica de Agricul- tura, Lourenco Marques, Mozam- bique: 5 wood specimens (exchange) Richardson, Dr. Eugene S., Jr., Gurnee, Illinois: fungus (gift) Rousseau, Dr. Jacques, Montreal: 10 algae (gift) Sbarbaro, Dr. Camillo, Spotorno (Savona), Italy: 100 cryptogamic speci- mens (gift) Schmidt, Dr. Karl P., Homewood, Illinois: plant specimen (gift) Sella, Emil, Hazel crest, Illinois: 2 lichens (gift) Sherff, Dr. Earl E., Hastings, Michigan: 3 plant specimens (gift) SOCIEDAD DE ClENCIAS NATURALES DE La Salle, Caracas, Venezuela: 116 plant specimens (exchange) Sokal, Robert, Chicago: 32 plant specimens (gift) SouKUP, Dr. J., Lima, Peru: 35 plant specimens (gift) Southern Illinois University, Carbondale: 6 plant specimens (gift) 99 Southern Rhodesia Federal Min- istry OF Agriculture, Mazoe: 9 seed samples (gift) Southern Rhodesia Forestry Com- mission, Causeway: 20 wood specimens (exchange) Sudan Ministry of Agriculture, Wad Medani: 18 seed samples (gift) Suxena, Dr. M. R., Hyderbad, India: alga (gift) SwiNK, Floyd A., Chicago: plant specimen (gift) Tennessee, University of, Knox- ville: 116 plant specimens (exchange) Thieret, Dr. John W., Homewood, Illinois: 37 plant specimens, 70 wood specimens, several economic specimens (gift) Umezaki, Dr. I., Maizura, Japan: 3 algae (gift) Union of South Africa Depart- ment OF Forestry, Pretoria: 55 wood specimens (exchange) United States Department of Agriculture: plant specimen, 42 seed samples (gift) United States National Museum, Washington, D.C: 457 plant specimens, 25 photographs (exchange) Universidad Nacional de Eva Peron, Buenos Aires, Argentina: 200 plant specimens (exchange) Universidad Nacional de Colom- bia, Bogota: 15 plant specimens (ex- change) : plant specimen (gift) Uppsala Universitets Institution- en FOR Systematisk botanik, Uppsala, Sweden: 88 plant specimens (exchange) Valero, M. B., Quezon City, Philip- pine Islands: 3 algae (gift) VOTH, Dr. Paul D., Chicago: 118 algae (gift) Waite Agricultural Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia: 38 seed samples (gift) Yale University, New Haven, Con- necticut: 45 wood specimens (exchange) DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY -ACCESSIONS Belgrade, University of, Minera- logical Institue, Belgrade, Yugo- slavia: specimen containing chalco- phanite — Serbia (gift) Bonanza Mine, Vernal, Utah: 6 specimens of gilsonite — Utah (gift) Boy Scouts of America, Troop 70, Gages Lake, Illinois: fossil insect- wing — Illinois (gift) Brady, Bernard, Chicago: 14 bra- chiopods — Indiana (gift) Brown, George F., Chicago: 7 rocks and minerals — Vermont, Wyoming, and Michigan (gift) Brush Laboratories Company, Cleveland: synthetic quartz crystal (in- definite loan) Changnon, Harry E., Worth, Illi- nois: specimens of limestone and de- composed till — Illinois (gift) Chicago, University of, Chicago: specimen of calcite (southern Illinois), collection of fossil mamals (Montana), 107 fossil plants (gift) Chicago Aerial Survey Company, Chicago: photograph (aerial view) of Ship and Sag Canal area (gift) ChicagoNaturalHistoryMuseum: Collected by Dr. Robert H. Denison (John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation study trip, 1953-54): 21 Devonian fossil plant specimens — Great Britain Collected by George Langford and Orville L. Gilpin (Alabama and Ten- nessee Field Trip, 1955) : 487 specimens of fossil plants — Alabama and Ten- nessee Collected by Dr. Sharat K. Roy (field trip) : group of rocks and materials — South Dakota Collected by Robert K. Wyant (Utah Economic Geology Field Trip, 1952): 48 rocks and minerals — Utah and Col- orado Desart, J., Chicago: specimen con- taining uranium ore, specimen of zinc ore — New Mexico (gift) Duval Sulphur and Potash, Rosen- berg, Texas: specimen of native sulfur —Texas (gift) Greisbach, John, Ironwood, Michi- gan: specimen of calcite on quartzite — Michigan (gift) Hale, Shirley, and Hal Winsbor- ough, Chicsigo : Xenacanthus compressus Newberry — Illinois (gift) Herpers, Henry, Chicago: 8 rocks and minerals — New Jersey and New Hampshire (gift) 100 Illinois Minerals Company, Cairo: specimens of amorphous silica — Illinois (gift) Inger, Dr. Robert F., Homewood, Illinois: Knightia? — Wyoming (gift) Jackley, a. M., Pierre, South Da- kota: casts of pelecypod borings in fossil wood — South Dakota (gift) JoHNSEN, Clarence, Chicago: 70 specimens of ore — Arizona (gift) Kreutzer, Dan, Chicago: specimen of coguinite — Ohio (gift) London, University of, London: cast of Acanthodians (exchange) Loyola University, Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago: 3 fossil elasmo- branch teeth — New Mexico (gift) Mather, Bryant, Chicago: 11 rocks and minerals — Maryland, Pennsyl- vania, and Illinois (gift) Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Phlege- thonia linearis Cope, 17 fossil snakes and frogs — Florida and Ohio (exchange) ; cast of jaw of Miomustela? (gift) Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm Sweden: collection of Devonian fishes (Baltic), osteolepis restoration (open exchange) Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago: 159 fossil fishes and invertebrates — Lebanon and Syria (gift) Patrick, John, Idaho Springs, Colo- rado: topaz — Colorado (gift) Perry, George V. B., Webster Groves, Missouri: 3 specimens of man- ganese ore — Arkansas (gift) Powell, Clara A., Grand Rapids, Michigan: collection of Permian fossils — Oklahoma (gift) Ramponi, Dominic, Buhl, Minnesota: 6-pound Lake Superior agate — Lake Superior (gift) Richardson, Dr. Eugene S., Jr., Gurnee, Illinois: 3 specimens of ferru- ginous limestone — Pennsylvania (gift) Robertson, Nancy, Chicago: col- lection of fossil invertebrates — Michi- gan, Wisconsin, and Illinois (gift) Rose, H. G., Hinsdale, Illinois: specimen of petrified tree — Arizona (gift) Saint Procopius College, Lisle, Illinois: specimen of Notogoneus osculus Cope — Wyoming (exchange) Schwerdtfeger, W. E., Rock Falls, Kansas: specimen of gypsum — Kansas (gift) Shultz, Mrs. Jean, Chicago: quart of crude shale-oil — Colorado (gift) Smith, Mrs. W. R., Falls Church, Virginia: 2 rocks containing 3 minerals — Virginia (gift) Whitfield, Dr. and Mrs. R. H., Evanston, Illinois: specimen of Lepido- derma mazonense and 42 fossil Pennsyl- vanian plants — Illinois (gift) DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY-ACCESSIONS American Museum of Natural History, Department of Insects and Spiders, New York: 4 batflies— Ari- zona (exchange); 14 beetles — Mexico (gift) Austin, Barton S., Woodstock, Illi- nois: birdskin — Illinois (gift) Barker, R. Wright, Bellaire, Texas: 5 lots of nonmarine snails — Colombia (gift) Beetle, Dorothy, Laramie, Wyo- ming: collection of inland shells — South America (gift) Blomquist, Dr. Conrad, Chicago: snake — Virginia (gift) Boe, Roger W., Broadview, Illinois: collection of inland shells — Missouri; 11 frogs — United States (gift) Bond, Beatrice, Chicago: beetle — Dutch Guiana (gift) BONDAR, Dr. Gregorio, Bahia, Bra- zil: 2 fishes — Brazil (gift) Bradbury, Margaret G., Evanston, Illinois, 8,588 fishes — northeastern Illi- nois (gift) Bragg, Dr. Arthur N., Norman, Oklahoma: 23 lots of tadpoles — Okla- homa (gift) British Museum (Natural His- tory), London: 2,792 beetles — world- wide (open exchange) Brown, Dr. Walter C, Stanford University, California: 3 frog larvae — Philippine Islands (exchange) Burns, Lieutenant Colonel Ken- neth F., Fort Sam Houston, Texas: 16 bats — Texas, Mexico, Arkansas, and Louisiana (gift) 101 California, University of, Muse- um OF Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley: 4 birdskins — Mexico (exchange) California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco: 41 reptiles and amphib- ians — Arabia (exchange) Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh: 24 lots of nonmarine shells (including 9 paratypes) — South America (exchange) Ceballos B., Ismael, Cuzco, Peru: 11 mammals, 53 nonmarine shells — Peru (gift) Chicago Academy of Sciences, Chicago: 4 lizards — Hawaii (gift) C H ic ago Natural H istory Museum : Collected by D. Dwight Davis (Southwest Zoological Field Trip, 1955) : 21 mammals, 7 mammal skulls, mam- mal skeleton — Texas Collected by Luis de la Torre (Mex- ico Zoological field trip, 1954): 12 rei>- tiles and amphibians, 35 mammals, 31 insects — Mexico Collected by Henry S. Dybas (South- east Zoological Field Trip, 1955) : snake — Tennessee Collected by Gerd H. Heinrich (Con- over Angola Expedition, 1954-55): 1,935 birdskins, 142 reptiles and am- phibians, 1,035 mammals, 835 insects, 6 pickled bird-heads — Angola Collected by Celestino Kalinowski (Peru Zoological Expedition, 1953-54): 591 insects, 55 reptiles and amphibians — Peru Collected by Dr. C. L. Koch (Vemay- Transvaal Museum Expedition to Ku- nene River and Angola, 1954): 94 beetles — South Africa and Angola Collected by Bryan Patterson (Colo- rado field trip, 1953): bird skeleton — Colorado Collected by Colin C. Sanborn (Na- tional Science Foundation field trip to Trinidad, 1954): 184 mammals, 150 insects — Trinidad Collected by Dr. Kari P. Schmidt, D. D wight Davis, and Hymen Marx (Southwest Zoological Field Trip, 1955) : 185 reptiles and amphibians — Mexico and southwestern United States Collected by Dr. Julian A. Steyer- mark (Venezuela Botanical Expedition in Collaboration with New York Bo- tanical Garden, 1954-55): 3 birdskins, 82 fishes, 9 landshells, 32 reptiles and amphibians — Venezuela Collected by Rupert L. Wenzel (Pacific States Zoological Field Trip, 1954): 3 salamanders — California Collected by Loren P. Woods (Mex- ico Zoological Field Trip, 1954-55) : sea- turtle, 487 lots of fishes — Mexico Purchases: 131,767 insects, 258 birds, 5 sets of bird eggs, 457 reptiles and amphibians, 175 lots of lower inverte- brates, 261 manunals, 53 fishes Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, Illinois: 6 mammals, 2 bird skeletons,^ crocodile — various localities (gift) CoRYNDON Museum, Nairobi, Kenya: 7 birdskins — East Africa (exchange) Crabill, Dr. Ralph E., St. Louis: paratype of centipede — South Carolina (gift) CuNEO, John, Libertyville, Illinois: kangaroo — Australia (gift) Daggy, Dr. Thomas, Davidson, North Carolina: flat bug — North Caro- lina (gift) Daleske, Donald J., Chicago: 19 fishes — North and South Korea (gift) Davis, D. Dwight, Richton Park, Illinois: 12 mammals — California and Illinois (gift) DoLAN, Tom, Berwyn, Illinois: camera lucida for drawing microscopic specimens (gift) Drake, Robert J., Tucson, Arizona: 17 landshells, 4 fresh- water snails — Mexico (gift) Dybas, Henry S., Homewood, Illi- nois: 536 insects — Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee (gift) ElGSTi, W. E., Hastings, Nebraska: 41 insects — Nebraska (gift) Fechtner, Frederick R., Cham- paign, Illinois: 159 fresh- water clams — Illinois (gift) Field, Dr. Hen-ry, Coconut Grove, Florida: 227 shells— Persian Gulf and Pakistan; 66 reptiles and amphibians —Florida (gift) Field, Dr. and Mrs. Henry, Coco- nut Grove, Florida: 73 seashells — Per- sian Gulf (gift) Fleetwood, R. J., Cocorro, New Mexico: 2 snakes — New Mexico (gift) Gabriel, Father, Emakulam, India: 38 reptiles and amphibians — India (ex- change) GiFFORD, Cameron E., Valparaiso, Indiana: 13 mammals — Illinois (gift) GiLLASPY, James E., Twin Falls, Idaho: 8 wasps — United States (gift) Glass, Dr. Bryan P., Stillwater, Oklahoma: 3 mammals — Oklahoma (gift) 102 Gloyd, Dr. Howard K., Chicago: Chicago — Ryukyu Islands (gift) GoTTSCH, Werner H., Houston, Texas: alligator — Texas (gift) Grau, Gilbert, Hollywood, Cali- fornia: 20 lower invertebrates — world- wide (exchange) Green, J. W., San Francisco: 3 in- sects — Kentucky and Texas (gift) Greenhall, Arthur M., Port-of- Spain, Trinidad: 24 mammals — Trini- dad (gift) Grocott, Dr. Robert G., An con, Panama Canal Zone: 3 reptiles and amphibians — Panama (gift) Hardy, Mac, Garfield, Arkansas: 3 snakes — Arkansas (gift) Harrison, Dr. J. L., Kuala Lumpur, Malaya: 64 mammals — Malaya (gift) Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel: 101 reptiles and amphibians — Palestine (exchange) Heinzelmann, Dr. Alfred, Piura, Peru: 29 mammals — Peru (gift) Hemingway, John, Homewood, Illinois: alligator — Louisiana (gift) Hendrickson, Dr. John R., Singa- pore, Malaya: 126 fishes, snake — Malay Peninsula and Singapore (gift) Hentig, Roland von, Chicago: 2 reptiles; 3,142 insects — Borneo and Sumatra (gift) HoLUB, Dr. H., Kalimantan-Barat, Indonesia: lizard, turtle, birdskin, mam- mal, 2 lower invertebrates — Indonesia (gift) HooGSTRAAL, Harry, Cairo, Egypt : 198 mammals, 214 reptiles and amphib- ians, 136 insects, 35 birdskins — Egypt, Turkey, Yemen, Uganda, and eastern Africa; 110 reprints of papers about insects for pamphlet collection in Mu- seum's Division of Insects (gift) Howden, Dr. Henry, Knoxville, Tennessee: 5 beetles — United States (gift) HuBBS, Dr. Clark, Austin, Texas: 78 fishes — Texas, Mexico, and Costa Rica (gift) Inger, Dr. Robert F., Homewood, Illinois: 400 fishes — Wyoming and South Dakota; 7 reptiles and amphib- ians — United States (gift) Institut Royal des Sciences Na- turelles de Belgique, Brussels: 130 fresh-water shells — Lake Tanganyika, Central Africa; 2 frogs — Belgian Congo and Ruanda (exchange) IssEL, Willi, Garmisch-Partenkir- chen, Germany: 5 mammals — Germany (exchange) Jameson, Dr. E. W., Jr., Davis, California: 6 insects — California (ex- change) Klauber, Lawrence M., San Diego: snake — Galapagos Islands (exchange) Koch, Karl Ludwig, Frankfort-am- Main, Germany: birdskin — east coast of Madagascar (gift) KOMAREK, E. v., Thomasville, Geor- gia: 10 mammels — Georgia and Flor- ida (gift) Krauss, N. L. H., Honolulu: 8 frogs — Mexico; 12 bettles — Lami, Viti Levu, Fiji (gift) Layne, Dr. James N., Carbondale, Illinois: 4 insects — Illinois, New York (gift) Levi, Dr. H. W., Madison, Wiscon- sin: salamanders — Colorado (gift) Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago: 12 rep- tiles and amphibians — various localities (gift) Lopes, H. Souza de, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: 40 nonmarine shells — South America (gift) Lowe, Dr. Charles H., Jr., Tucson, Arizona: 29 reptiles and amphibians — Southwestern United States and Mexico (gift) LowRiE, Lieutenant Commander Donald C, FPO San Francisco: 28 reptiles and amphibians — Japan and Ryukyu Islands (gift) Lundelius, Dr. E. L., Nedlands, Western Australia: 17 lizards — Western Australia (gift) Manda, Gary, 5 mammals — Illinois (gift) Mavromoustakis, C. a., Limassol, Cyprus: birdskin — Cyprus (gift) McCafferty, Tom, Spring Grove, Illinois: 6 fishes — Illinois (gift) Medem, Dr. Frederick J., Bogota, Colombia: 37 nonmarine shells, 61 rep- tiles and amphibians, 13 mammals — Colombia (gift) Michigan, University of. Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor: 41 fishes — United States; 13 reptiles and amphib- ians — Mexico and Siam (exchange) ; col- lection of paratypical landshells — South and Central America; 251 lots of shells Western Pacific Ocean; lot of miscel- laneous bones — Guatemala (gift) Millar, John R., Skokie, Illinois: 7 mammals — Illinois (gift) 103 MiLSTEAD, Dr. William W., Alpine, Texas: 503 reptiles and amphibians — Brazil (gift) MiNTON, Dr. Sherman, Indian- apolis: snake (type) — Texas (gift) Moore, Ian, El Cajon, California: 8 beetles — California and Mexico (gift) Mover, Jack T., Hamilton, New York: 307 birdskins — Japan and Korea (gift) MusEE Royal du Congo Bblge, Tervuren, Belgium: 36 beetles — Bel- gian Congo (gift) Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadivia," Buenos Aires, Argentina: 21 beetles — Argentina (exchange) MUSEUO DE HiSTORIA NATURAL, Montivideo, Uruguay: 9 fresh-water clams, 3 fresh-water shells — Uruguay (gift) Museum and Art Gallery, Durban, Natal, South Africa: 8 birdskins — South (exchange) Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts: 2 turtles — Cuba and Kenya Colony (exchange); 13 turtles — Iraq, Iran, and Syria (gift) National Museum, Manila: 50 bird- skins — Philippine Islands (exchange) Naturhistorisches Museum, Vieen, Austria: 32 beetles — mostly New World tropics (exchange) Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm: 112 landshells — Chile and Peru (gift) Natuurhistorisch Museum, Maas- tricht, Netherlands: 26 beetles — South America, chiefly Brazil (exchange) Netterstrom, R., Ostersund, Swe- den: mammal — Sweden (exchange) Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago: 18 mammals in alcohol, 45 mammal skins, 23 mammal skeletons, 4 wild-goat-horn trophies, 11 bird skeletons, 2 birds in alcohol, 208 landshells, 198 insects, 346 reptiles and amphibians — Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, and Syria (gift) Pain, T., London: 13 nonmarine shells — South America (gift) Palmer, Dr. Ralph S., and Frances Benedict, Albany, New York: 800 labeled microscope slides of bat hairs — various localities (gift) Phelps, William H., Caracas, Vene- zuela: 7 birdskins — Venezuela (gift) Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia: birdskin — Bo- livia (exchange) Plattner, Dr. F., Tabriz, Iran: 35 fresh-water shells — Iran (gift) Poll, Dr. Max, Tervuren, Belgium: 4 fishes — South Atlantic off West Africa (exchange) Rabor, Dr. D. S., Dumaguete, Negros, Philippine Islands: 1,051 bird- skins — Philippine Islands (exchange) Rand, A. Stanley, Chesterton, In- diana: 18 lizards^Indiana (gift) RlJKSMUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HiSTORiE, Leiden, Netherlands: 5 fresh- water clams — Dutch New Guinea (ex- change) Royal Ontario Museum of Zo- ology, Toronto: snake — Canada (gift) Sao Paulo, Secretaria da Agricul- TURA do ESTADO DE, DiVISAO DE REP- TILEIS E DE Anfibos, Sao Paulo, Brazil: 2 frogs — Brazil (exchange) ScHERBA, Dr. Gerald, Chicago: salamander — Mexico (gift) SCHWENGEL, Dr. Jeanne S., Scars- dale, New York: 125 shells — world- wide (gift) Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt- am-Maine, Germany: turtle — Pakistan (exchange) Shedd Aquarium, John G., Chicago: seaturtle, crab, 2 fishes — various locali- ties (gift) SiOLi, Dr. Harald, Manaus, Brazil: 58 inland shells — Lower Amazon basin (gift) SoKOLOFF, Dr. Alexander, Chicago: 2 snakes — Indiana (gift) Stanford University, Museum of Zoology, Stanford University, Cali- fornia: lizard — Sarawak (exchange) Steyermark, Dr. Julian A., Bar- rington, Illinois: mammal — Illinois (gift) Sugden, W., Berkshire, England: 610 seashells — Persian Gulf (gift) Thomas, William A., Chicago: 10 birdskins — arctic America (gift) Thurow, Gordon R., Bloomington, Indiana: 10 salamanders — Illinois (gift) Traub, Lieutenant Colonel Robert, Kuala Lumpur, Malaya: 19 slides of fleas — Africa, Madagascar, South America, and New Guinea (gift) United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Milford, Connecticut: 14 snail shells — Connecticut (gift); and Pasca- goula, Mississippi: 46 fishes — Gulf of Mexico (gift) United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.: 74 beetles — United States and South America; 4 fishes — 104 Colombia, Hawaii, Bikini Atoll, and Philippine Islands; snake — Egypt (ex- change) ViLLALOBOS F., D. A., Mexico, D.F.: 266 fresh-water shells — Mexico (ex- change) Walsh, Fraser, care of PM, San Francisco: 3 mammals, 25 insects — Formosa (gift) Weller, J. M., Chicago, Illinois: 14 fresh-water shells — Philippine Islands (gift) Weyrauch, Dr. Wolfgang, Lima, Peru: 90 shells — Bermuda, Jamaica, and Peru (exchange) Williams, Dr. John G., Nairobi, Kenya, East Africa: 13 birdskins — East Africa (gift) Wisconsin, University of, Madi- son: 3 beetles — Wisconsin (exchange) Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia: baleen-whale skeleton — locality unknown (gift) Woods, Loren P., Homewood, Illi- nois: 4 mammals — Indiana (gift) ZiEMER, August, Evergreen Park, Illinois: 198 shells — Wisconsin and Solomon Islands (gift) Zoological Survey of India, Cal- cutta: 11 reptiles and amphibians — India and Ceylon (exchange) Zoologisches Museum Berlin, West Berlin, Germany: 16 reptiles and amphibians — Africa and Orient (ex- change) ZooLOGiscH Museum Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands: birdskin — Netherlands (exchange) DIVISION OF PHOTOGRAPHY -ACCESSIONS Chicago NaturalHistoryMuseum: Made by Division of Photography: 1,510 negatives, 20,934 prints, 823 en- largements, 410 kodachromes, 141 lan- tern slides DIVISION OF MOTION PICTURES -ACCESSIONS Chicago Natural History Museum : "Volcanoes" (Museum expedition) (900 feet, color film) Film Associates, Los Angeles: "Rocks and Minerals" (400 feet, color, sound film) — purchase International Film Bureau, In- corporated, Chicago: "Angotee" (1,100 feet, color, sound film) — purchase LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM -ACCESSIONS Donors (Institutions) Fujita Museum of Art, Osaka, Japan John Crerar Library, Chicago Donors (Individuals) Arango, Luis Angel, Banco de la Republica, Bogota, Colombia Benke, Mr. and Mrs. Paul A., Chicago Cuatrecasas, Dr. Jose, Washington, D.C. Deane, Mrs. Mabel Quimby, Grand Rapids, Michigan Ehlich, Mrs. Herman, Park Ridge, Illinois Field, Dr. Henry, Coconut Grove, Florida 105 Gerhard, William J., Chicago Quimby, George I., Chicago Graham, Dr. David C, Englewood, Quimby, Thomas H. E., East Lansing, Colorado Michigan Grayhead, Walter L., Ashland, Kentucky „. , , , ,. , Rand, Dr. Austin L., Chesterton, Grey, Arthur L., Highland Park, Indiana Illinois Haas, Dr. Fritz, Chicago Schmidt, Dr. Karl P., Homewood, Haas, Dr. Georg, Hebrew University, „, !?°if „ , „ ,^ . ,,. , . Jersualem Israel Sherii, Dr. Earl E., Hastmgs, Michigan Hambly, Dr'. Wilfrid D., Chicago Somerville, Robert, Chicago Hoogstraal, Harry, Chicago Stough, Robert A., Chicago Just, Dr. Theodor, Oak Park, Illinois Taubenhaus, Dr. Matthew, Chicago Liewald, Richard, Chicago Tsien, Tsuen-hsuin, Oriental Institute, University of Chicago Nelson, Dr. Edward M., Chicago Nelson, Harry G., Harvey, Illinois Wilson, A. F., Short Hills, New Jersey Representative Accessions (Acquired by Gift; Exchange, or Purchase) BOOKS Apfelbeck, Viktor, Die Kdfer fauna der Balkanhalbinsel, Klein-Asiens und der Insel Kreta, v. 1— (1904—) Ballauf , Theodur, Die Wissenschaft vom Leben. Bd. 1 . Eine Geschichte der Biologie vom Altertum bis zur Romantik, v. 1 — (c. 1954 — ) Berge, Friedrich, Fr. Berge's Schmetterlingsbuch, 6th ed. (1882) Blochmann, Friedrich, Die Mikroskopische Pflanzen- und Thierwelt des Siisswassers. Abt. 1. Protozoa. 2nd ed. (1895) Bolten, Joachim, Museum Boltenianum (1906) Camus, Armand Gaston, and E. Gustave Camus, Classification des Saules d'Europe et monographie des Saules de France, 2 v. (1904-5) Cap, Paul Antoine Gratacap, Le Museum d'Histoire Naturelle (1854) Chapuis, Felicien, Monographie des Platypides (1866) Daude, Oscar, Die Okologie der Pflanzen (1913) Dubois, Raphael, Etude sur le mecanisme de la thermogenese et du somm£il chez les mammiferes. Physiologie comparee de la Marmotte (1896) Dumas, E., Conchyliologie Bourbonnaise (Faune de VAllier), pt. 1 (1895), pt. 2 (1901) Dumeril, Andre Marie Constant, Traite elementaire d'histoire naturelle (1804) Eardley-Wilmot, Sainthill, The life of a tiger (1911) Fischer, Paul Henri, Melanges de Conchyliologie (1854-56) Fowler, William Weeks, Coleoptera of the British Islands (1887-1913) Fuessly, Johann Caspar, Magazin fuer EnloTOologie, 2 v. (1778-79) Gromier, Emile, La vie des animaux sauvages de VAfrique; la faune de Guinee (1936) Guerin, Franciscus Antonius, Dictionnaire pittoresque d'histoire naturelle et des phenomenes de la nature, 12 v. (1834-39) Hayes, William C, The sceptre of Egypt. Pt. 1 . From the earliest times to the end of the Middle Kingdom (1953) Horst, Rutger, and Mattheus Marinus Schepman, Catalogue systematique des Mollusques, Leyden, 2 v. (1894-99) Houston, Mary Gal way. Ancient Egyptian, Mesopotamian and Persian costume and decoration, 2nd ed. (1954) 106 Huet, Jean Baptiste, Collection de Mammiferes du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris; classee suivani la Methode de M. Cuvier, 4th ed. (1829) Index to the literature of American economic entomology, v. 1-12 (1905-52) Keesing, Felix Maxwell, Social anthropology in Polynesia; a review of research (1953) Kukenthal, Willy Georg, Handbuch der Zoologie, v. 1-7 — (1923-55) Le M6e, Albert, Flore de la Guyane frangaise, v. 1-3 (1952-55) Lyonet, Pierre, Recherches sur I'anatomie et les metamorphoses de differentes especes d'insectes (1834) Mabille, Jules, Histoire malacologique du Bassin Parisien (1871) Marquand, Ernest David, Flora of Guernsey (1901) Parsa, Ahmad, Flore de I'Iran, v. 2-4 (1948-50) Prado, Alcides, Serpentes do Brazil (1955) Revue d'Histoire Naturelle (La Societe Nationale d'Acclimatation de France), 11 V. (1920-30) Rosenhauer, Wilhelm Gottlob, Die Thiere Andalusiens . . . (1856) Valmont de Bomare, Jacques Christophe, Dictionnaire raisonne universel d'Histoire naturelle, new revised edition, 6 v. (1775) SERIALS American Fisheries Society. Transactions, v. 63-70 (1933-40) Annales Entomologici Fennici. v. 5-10 (1939-44) Entomologische Blatter; Zeitschrift fur Biologic und Systematik der Kdfer. Berlin, V. 4-10 (1908-14) Entomologische Rundschau. Stuttgart, v. 26-29, 35-37 Fauna SSSR. v. 40, 49-54, 56, 58 Idea; journal of the Entomological Society of Indonesia, v. 1-10 (1935-54) Internationale entomologische Zeitschrift; Organ des Internationalen entomologen- Bundes zu Guben. v. 1-29 (1907-35) Societa Entomologica Italiana. Bullettino. Florence, v. 53-80 (1921-50) Soci6t6 Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Memoires. v. 1-4 (1823-28) Soci6t6 Lepidopt^rologique de Geneve. Bulletin, v. 1-5 (1905-27) Torrey Botanical Club Index. (1951-55 — ) REPRESENTATIVE CHINESE-JAPANESE ACCESSIONS EAST ASIAN COLLECTION STANDARD REFERENCE WORKS Chu, Shih-chia, Chung-kuo ti-fang-chih tsung-lu (1935) Ho, To-yiian, Chung-wen ts'an-k'ao-shu chih-nan (1939) Liang, Tztl-han, Chung-kuo li-tai shu-mu tsung-lu (1953) Pan, Tso-cheng, Ku-chin t'ung hsing-ming ta-tzu-tien (1936) Ting, Fu-pao, Shuo-wen chieh-tzu ku-lin (1928); Supplement (1932) TITLES (some of REFERENCE NATURE) RELEVANT TO THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF CHINA Fang, Kuan-cheng, Ch'ing-t'a mien-hua t'u Jung, K§ng, Chin-wen pien (1925) , Shang Chou yi-ch'i t'ung-k'ao (1941) , Han Wu Liang tz'u hua-hsiang lu (1936) Sun, Hai-po, Chia-ku-wen pien 1934) Sun, Shih-pai, Chi-mu tsang t'ao (1943) T'ao, Hsiang, Hsi-yung-hsiian ts'ung-shu (1927-31) Ting, Fu-pao, Ku ch'ien ta-tz'u-tien (1938-39) Yung-pao-chai, Peip'ing Yung-pao-chai shih-chien p'u (1935) 107 MEMBERS OF THE MUSEUM FOUNDER Marshall Field* BENEFACTORS Those who have contributed $100,000 or more to the Museum Ayer, Edward, E.* Buckingham, Miss Kate S.* Conover, Boardman* Crane, Cornelius Crane, R. T., Jr.* Field, Joseph N.* Field, Marshall Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley * deceased Graham, Ernest R.* Harris, Albert W. Harris, Norman W.* Higinbotham, Harlow N . Kelley, William V.* Pullman, George M.* Rawson, Frederick H.* Raymond, Mrs. Anna Louise* Raymond, James Nelson* Ryerson, Martin A.* Ryerson, Mrs. Martin A.* Simpson, James* Smith, Mrs. Frances Gaylord* Smith, George T.* Sturges, Mrs. Mary D.* Suarez, Mrs. Diego HONORARY MEMBERS Those who have rendered eminent service to Science Beyer, Professor H. O. Cutting, C. Suydam Field, Marshall Field, Stanley Gustaf VI, His Majesty, King of Sweden Harris, Albert W. Sargent, Homer E. Suarez, Mrs. Diego Vemay, Arthur S. PATRONS Those who have rendered eminent service to the Museum Calderini, Charles J. Chadboume, Mrs. Emily Crane Chancellor, Philip M. Collins, Alfred M. Cutting, C. Suydam Day, Lee Gamett Ellsworth, Duncan S. Field, Mrs. Stanley Hancock, G. Allan Judson, Clay Moore, Mrs. William H. Sargent, Homer E. Suarez, Mrs. Diego Vemay, Arthur S. White, Harold A. 108 CORRESPONDING MEMBERS Scientists or patrons of science, residing in foreign countries, who have rendered eminent service to the Museum Breuil, Abb6 Henri Hochreutiner, Dr. B. P. Georges Keith, Professor Sir Arthur Humbert, Professor Henri Keissler, Dr. Karl DECEASED, 1955 Leon, Brother (Sauget y Barbier, Joseph S.) CONTRIBUTORS Those who have contributed $1 ,000 to $1 00,000 to the Museum $75,000 to $100,000 Chancellor, Philip M. $50,000 to $75,000 Chalmers, Mrs. Joan A.* Dee, Thomas J.* Keep,»Chauncey* Remmer, Oscar E.* Rosenwald, Mrs. Augusta N.* $25,000 to $50,000 Adams, Mrs. Edith Almy* Blackstone, Mrs. Timothy B.* Block, Leopold, E.* Buchen, Walther Coats, John* Coburn, Mrs. Annie S.* Crane, Charles R.* Crane, Mrs. R. T., Jr.* Cutting, C. Suydam Jones, Arthur B.* Morton, Sterling Murphy, Walter P.* Porter, George F.* Richards, Donald Richards, Elmer J. Rosenwald, Julius* Vemay, Arthur S. White, Harold A. ♦deceased in mx)ney or materials $10,000 to $25,000 Adams, Joseph* Armour, Allison V.* Armour, P. D.* Avery, Sewell L. Babcock, Mrs. Abby K.* Barnes, R. Magoon* Bartlett, Miss Florence Dibell* Bensabott, R. Chadboume, Mrs. Emily Crane Chalmers, William J.* Cummings, R. F.* Everard, R. T.* Gunsaulus, Dr. F. W.* Hoogstraal, Harry Insull, Samuel* Laufer, Dr. Berthold* Lufkin, Wallace W.* Mandel, Leon McCormick, Cyrus (Estate) McCormick, Stanley Mitchell, John J.* Perry, Stuart H. Reese, Lewis* Richardson, Dr. Maurice L. Robb, Mrs. George W.* Rockefeller Foundation, The Sargent, Homer E. Schweppe, Mrs. Charles H.* Straus, Mrs. Oscar S.* Strawn, Silas H.* Street, William S. Strong, Walter A.* Watkins, Rush Wetten, Albert H.* Witkowsky, James* Wrigley, William, Jr.* $5,000 to $10,000 Adams, George E.* Adams, Mil ward* American Friends of China Bartlett, A. C* Bishop, Heber (Estate) Borland, Mrs. John Jay* Chicago Zoological Society, The Conover, Miss Margaret B. Crane, R. T.* Cuatrecasas, Dr. Jose Doane, J. W.* Field, Dr. Henry Fuller, William A.* Graves, George Coe, II* Harris, Hayden B.* Harris, Norman Dwight Harris, Mrs. Norman W.* Haskell, Frederick T.* Hutchinson, C. L.* Keith, Edson* Langtry, J. C. 109 CONTRIBUTORS (continued) MacLean, Mrs. M. Haddon* Moore, Mrs. William H. Payne, John Barton* Pearsons, D. K.* Porter, H. H.* Ream, Norman B.* Re veil, Alexander H.* Riley, Mrs. Charles V.* Salie, Prince M. U. M. Sherff, Dr. Earl E. Sprague, A. A.* Storey, William Benson* Thome, Bruce Tree, Lambert* Valentine, Louis L.* $1,000 to $5,000 Acosta Soils, Dr. M. Avery, Miss Clara A.* Ayer, Mrs. Edward E.* Barr, Mrs. Roy Evan Barrett, Samuel E.* Bishop, Dr. Louis B.* Bishop, Mrs. Sherman C. Blair, Wm. McCormick Blair, Watson F.* Blaschke, Stanley Field Block, Mrs. Helen M.* Borden, John Brown, Charles Edward* Cahn, Dr. Alvin R. Clyborne, Harry Vearn Clyborne, Mary Elizabeth Cory, Charles B., Jr.* Crocker, Templeton Cummings, Mrs. Robert F.* Desloge, Joseph Dick, Albert B., Jr.* Doering, O. C* Dybas, Henry S. * deceased Eitel, Emil* Emerson, Dr. Alfred E. Field, Marshall, Jr. Fish, Mrs. Frederick S.* Fleming, Dr. Robert L. Gerhard, William J. Graves, Henry, Jr. Grier, Mrs. Susie I.* Gunsaulus, Miss Helen* Gurley, William F. E.* Harvey, Byron, III Herz, Arthur Wolf* Hester, Evett D. Hibbard, W. G.* Higginson, Mrs. Charles M.* Hill, James J.* Hinde, Thomas W.* Hixon, Frank P.* Hoffman, Miss Malvina Howe, Charles Albee Hughes, Thomas S.* Jackson, Huntington W.* James, F. G. James, S. L. Knickerbocker, Charles K.* Kraft, James L.* Langford, George Lee Ling Ytin Lerner, Michael Look, Alfred A. Maass, J. Edward* MacLean, Haddon H. Mandel, Fred L., Jr. Manierre, George* Marshall, Dr. Ruth* Martin, Alfred T.* McBain, Hughston M. McCormick, Cyrus H.* McCormick, Mrs. Cyrus* McElhose, Arthur L.* Mitchell, Clarence B. Moyer, John W. Nash, Mrs. L. Byron Nichols, Henry W.* Odell, Mrs. Daniel W. Ogden, Mrs. Frances E.* Ohlendorf, Dr. William Clarence* Osgood, Dr. Wilfred H.* Palmer, Potter* Patten, Henry J.* Pearse Langdon Prentice, Mrs. Clarence C. Rauchfuss, Charles F.* Raymond, Charles E.* Reynolds, Earle H.* Ross, Miss Lillian A. Rumely, William N.* Schapiro, Dr. Louis* Schmidt, Karl P. Schwab, Henry C* Schwab, Martin C* Schweppe, Charles H.* Searle, John G. Seevers, Dr. Charles H. Shaw, William W. Smith, Byron L.* Smith, Ellen Thome Sprague, Albert A.* Steyermark, Dr. Julian A. Thompson, E. H.* Thome, Mrs. Louise E.* Trapido, Dr. Harold Traylor, Melvin A., Jr. Trier, Robert Van Valzah, Dr. Robert Von Frantzius, Fritz* Wheeler, Leslie* Whitfield, Dr. R. H. Willems, Dr. J. Daniel Willis, L. M.* Wilson, John P. Wolcott, Albert B.* Zangerl, Dr. Rainer CORPORATE MEMBERS Armour, Lester Avery, Sewell, L. Blair, Wm. McCormick Borden, John Buchen, Walther Calderini, Charles J. Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane Chancellor, Philip M. Collins, Alfred M. Cummings, Walter J. Cutting, C. Suydam 110 CORPORATE MEMBERS {continued) Day, Lee Gamett Ellsworth, Duncan S. Fen ton, Howard W. Field, Joseph N. Field, Marshall Field, Marshall, Jr. Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley Hancock, G. Allan Harris, Albert W. Insull, Samuel, Jr. Isham, Henry P. Judson, Clay McBain, Hughston M. Mitchell, William H. Moore, Mrs. William H. Pirie, John T., Jr. Randall, Clarence B. Richardson, George A. Sargent, Homer E. Searle, John G. Smith, Solomon A. Suarez, Mrs. Diego Vernay, Arthur S. Ware, Louis White, Harold A. Wilson, John P. LIFE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $500 to the Museum Alexander, Edward Allerton, Robert H. Armour, Lester Ascoli, Mrs. Max Avery, Sewell L. Babson, Henry B. Bacon, Edward Richardson, Jr. Barr, Mrs. Roy Evan Barrett, Mrs. A. D. Barrett, Robert L. Bates, George A. Baur, Mrs. Jacob Bensabott, R. Bermingham, Edward J. Borden, John Borland, Chauncey B. Brassert, Herman A. Browne, Aldis J. Buchanan, D. W. Budd, Britton I. Bumham, John Burt, William G. Butler, Julius W. Carpenter, Mrs. John Alden Carr, George R. Carr, Walter S. Casalis, Mrs. Maurice Cathcart, James A. Chatfield-Taylor, Wayne Clegg, Mrs. William G. Connor, Ronnoc Hill Cook, Mrs. Daphne Field Corley, F. D. Cramer, Corwith Crossley, Sir Kenneth Cudahy, Edward A. Cummings, Walter J. Cunningham, James D. Gushing, Charles G. Dahl, Ernest A. Dierssen, Ferdinand W. Doyle, Edward J. Drake, John B. Edmunds, Philip S. Farr, Newton Camp Fay, C. N. Fenton, Howard W. Fentress, Calvin Femald, Charles Field, Joseph N. Field, Marshall Field, Marshall, Jr. Field, Norman Field, Mrs. Norman Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley Gardner, Robert A. Gowing, J. Parker Harris, Albert W. Harris, Norman W. Hecht, Frank A. Hemmens, Mrs. Walter P. Hibbard, Frank Hickox, Mrs. Charles V. Hopkins, L. J. Horowitz, L. J. Hoyt, N. Landon Hutchins, James C. Insull, Samuel, Jr. Jelke, John F. Joiner, Theodore E. Jones, Miss Gwethalyn Kelley, Russell P. King, James G. Kirk, Walter Radcliffe Ladd, John Leonard, Clifford M. Levy, Mrs. David M. Linn, Mrs. Dorothy C. Logan, Spencer H. MacLeish, John E. MacVeagh, Eames Madlener, Mrs. Albert F. Mason, William S. McBain, Hughston M. Meyne, Gerhardt F. Mitchell, William H. Morse, Charles H. Munroe, Charles A. Myrland, Arthur L. Orr, Robert M. Paesch, Charles A. Palmer, Honore Prentice, Mrs. Clarence C. Rodman, Mrs. Katherine Field Rodman, Thomas Clifford Rosenwald, William Rubloff, Arthur Ryerson, Edward L. Seabury, Charles W. Searle, John G. Smith, Alexander Smith, Solomon A. Spalding, Keith Stuart, Harry L. Stuart, John 111 LIFE MEMBERS (continued) Stuart, R. Douglas Sturges, George Swift, Harold H. Tree, Ronald L. F. Tyson, Russell Uihlein, Edgar J. Veatch, George L. Wanner, Harry C. Ward, P. C. Ware, Louis Welch, Mrs. Edwin P. Welling, John P. Whitney, Mrs. Julia L. Wickwire, Mrs. Edward L. Willard, Alonzo J. Wilson, John P. Wilson, Thomas E. Woolley, Clarence M. Wrigley, Philip K. Crossett, Edward C. Donnelley, Thomas E. DECEASED, 1955 Farr, Miss Shirley Pick, Albert Thorne, Robert J. Winston, Garrard B. NON-RESIDENT LIFE MEMBERS Those, residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, who have contributed $1 00 to the Museum Allen, Dr. T. George Andrew, Edward Blauvelt, Hiram B. D. Coolidge, Harold J. Desmond, Thomas C. Dulany, George W., Jr. Ehlers, Clarence P. Fowler, Miss Lissa Gregg, John Wyatt Hearne, Knox HoUoman, Mrs. Delmar W. Johnson, Herbert F., Jr. Knudtzon, E. J. Maxwell, Gilbert S. Moeller, George Murray, Mrs. Robert H. Osgood, Mrs. Cornelius Richardson, Dr. Maurice L. Rosenwald, Lessing J. Sardeson, Orville A. Shirey, Dwight Stem, Mrs. Edgar B. Tarrant, Ross Vemay, Arthur S. Weaver, Mrs. Lydia C. Zerk, Oscar U. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $100 to the Museum Aaron, Charles Aaron, Ely M. Abbell, Maxwell Abbott, Donald Putnam, Jr. Abeles, Mrs. Jerome G. Abrams, Duff A. Adamick, Gustave H. Adams, Mrs. Charles S. Adams, Mrs. Frances Sprogle Adams, Miss Jane Adams, John Q. Adams, Mrs. S. H. Adams, Mrs. Samuel Adams, William C. Adamson, Henry T. Ahlschlager, Walter W. Alberts, Mrs. M. Lee Alder, Thomas W. Aldis, Graham Alexander, William H. Allbright, John G. Allen, Mrs. Grace G. Allen, Herman Allen, Waldo Morgan Allensworth, A. P. Allin, J. J. Allison, Mrs. William M. Allmart, William S. Allport, Hamilton Alsip, Mrs. Charles H. Alter, Harry Alton, Carol W. Alward, Walter C, Jr. Ames, Rev. Edward S. Anderson, Mrs. A. W. Anderson, Mrs. Alfred Anderson, Mrs. Alma K. Andrews, Mrs. E. C. Andrews, Milton H. Angelopoulos, Archie Anning, H. E. Anstiss, George P. Antrim, E. M. Appelt, Mrs. Jessie E. Appleton, John Albert Armour, A. Watson, III Armour, Mrs. Laurance Armour, Laurance H., Jr. Armour, Philip D. 112 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Armstrong, Mrs. Julian Armstrong, Kenneth Armstrong, Mrs. William A. Am, W. G. Arnold, Mrs. Lloyd Artingstall, Samuel G. Ascher, Fred Ashenhurst, Harold S. Asher, Norman Atwood, Philip T. Aurelius, Mrs. Marcus A. Avery, George J. Avery, Guy T. Ayres, Robert B. Babson, Mrs. Gustavus Back, Miss Maude F. Bacon, Dr. Alfons R. Bacon, R. H. Badger, Shreve Cowles Baer, David E. Baer, Walter S. Baggaley, William Blair Bair, W. P. Baker, Greeley Baldwin, Vincent Curtis Balgemann, Otto W. Balkin, Louis Ball, Dr. Fred E. Ballard, Mrs. Foster K. Ballenger, A. G. Baltis, Walter S. Bannister, Miss Ruth D. Barancik, Richard M. Barber, Phil C. Bargquist, Miss Lillian D. Barker, E. C. Barkhausen, L. H. Barnes, Cecil Barnes, Mrs. Charles Osborne Barnes, Harold O. Barnes, Mrs. John S. Bamett, Claude A. Bamhart, Mrs. A. M. Barr, Mrs. Alfred H. Barr, George Barrett, Mrs. Arthur M. Barrett, Mrs. Harold G. Barry, Mrs. Scammon Barthell, Gary Bartholomae, Mrs. Emma Bartholomay, Mrs. William, Jr. Barton, Mrs. Enos M. Basile, William B. Basta, George A. Bastian, Charles L. Bastien, A. E. Bates, Mrs. A. M. Bates, Joseph A. Battey, Paul L. Baum, Mrs. James E. Baum, Wilhelm Baumann, Harry P. Bausch, William C. Beach, Miss Bess K. Beach, E. Chandler Beach, George R., Jr. Beachy, Mrs. Walter F. Beatty, John T. Bechtner, Paul Beck, Alexander Becker, Frederick G. Becker, James H. Becker, Louis L. Becker, Mrs. S. Max, Jr. Beckler, R. M. Beckman, Victor A. Beckman, Mrs. Victor A. Beckman, William H. Beddoes, Hubert Beebe, Dr. Robert A. Behr, Mrs. Edith Beidler, Francis, II Belden, Joseph C, Jr. Bell, Mrs. Laird Belmonte, Dr. John V. Benjamin, Jack A. Benner, Harry Bennett, Bertram W. Bennett, S. A. Bennett, Professor J. Gardner Benson, John Benson, Mrs. Thaddeus R. Bent, John P. Bere, Lambert Berend, George F. Berkely, Dr. J. G. Berkson, Mrs. Maurice Berry, V. D. Bersbach, Elmer S. Bertschinger, Dr. C. F. Besly, Mrs. C. H. Bettendorf, Harry J. Bettman, Dr. Ralph B. Bichl, Thomas A. Biddle, Robert C. Biehn, Dr. J. F. Bigelow, Mrs. Ann Biggers, Bryan B. Biggs, Mrs. Joseph H. Bigler, Mrs. Albert J. Bigler, Dr. John A. Billow, Miss Virginia Bingham, Carl G. Bird, Miss Frances Bishop, Howard P. Bishop, Miss Martha V. Bittel, Mrs. Frank J. Bixby, Edward Randall Blackburn, Oliver A. Blair, Bowen Blair, Edward McC. Blair, Wm. McCormick Blair, Wolcott Blatchford, Dr. Frank Wicks Blecker, Mrs. Michael, Jr. Block, Jospeh L. Block, Leigh B. Block, Mrs. Leigh B. Block, Philip D., Jr. Bloss, Mrs. Sidney M. Bluford, Mrs. David Blum, Harry H. Blunt, J. E., Jr. Boal, Stewart Boal, Thomas Boericke, Mrs. Anna Boettcher, Arthur H. Bogert, Mrs. Gilbert P. Bohasseck, Charles Bohrer, Randolph Bolotin, Hyman Bolten, Paul H. Bondy, Berthold Boomer, Dr. Paul C. Boone, Arthur Booth, George E. Borg, George W. Bori, Mrs. Albert V. Borland, Mrs. Bruce Borland, Mrs. John Jay, II Borland, William F. Borowitz, David Borwell, Robert C. Bosch, Charles Bosch, Mrs. Henry Bosworth, Mrs. Roland I. Botts, Graeme G. Boulton, Mrs. Rudyerd Bousa, Dr. Bohuslav Bowers, Ralph E. Bowersox, W. A. Bowman, Mrs. E. M. Bowman, J. C. Bowman, Johnston A. Boyd, Mrs. T. Kenneth Boyer, Paul F. Boynton, A. J. Bradley, Mrs. A. Ballard Brainerd, Mrs. Arthur T. Bramble, Delhi G. C. Brandt, Charles H. Bransfield, John J. Brauer, Mrs. Paul Bremner, Mrs. David F. 113 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Brendecke, Miss June Brennan, B. T. Brenner, S. L. Brennom, Dr. Elmo F. Brenza, Miss Mary Breslin, Dr. Winston I. Brewer, Mrs. Angeline L. Bridges, Arnold Bristol, James T. Brodribb, Lawrence C. Brodsky, J. J. Brost, Robert V. Brostoff, Harry M. Brown, A. Wilder Brown, Mrs. C. H. Brown, Christy Brown, Mrs. Everett C. Brown, Isadore Brown, Dr. Joshua M. Brown, Mark A. Brown, Warren W. Brown, William F. Bruckner, William T. Brugman, John J. Bruhn, H. C. Brundage, Avery Brunsvold, Mrs. Henrietta A. Brunswick, Larry Buchen, Mrs. Walther H. Buchner, Dr. E. M. Buck, Nelson Leroy Buckley, Mrs. Warren Bucklin, Mrs. Vail R. Buddig, Carl Buehler, H. L. Buettner, Walter J. Buhmann, Gilbert G. Bunte, Mrs. Theodore W. Burbott, E. W. Burch, Clayton B. Burchmore, John S. Burdick, Mrs. Alfred S. Burgweger, Mrs. Meta Dewes Burke, Webster H. Burley, Mrs. Clarence A. Burnell, Homer A. Burnham, Mrs. George Bums, Mrs. Randall W. Burry, William Bush, Earl J. Bush, Mrs. William H. Butler, Paul Butzow, Mrs. Robert C. Byrne, Miss Margaret H. Cahn, Dr. Alvin R. Cahn, Bertram J. Cahn, Morton D. Caine, Leon J. Callender, Mrs. Joseph E. Camenisch, Miss Sophia C. Campbell, Herbert J. Canby, Caleb H., Jr. Canman, Richard W. Canmann, Mrs. Harry L. Capes, Lawrence R. Caples, William G. Capps, Dr. Joseph A. Cardelli, Mrs. Giovanni Carlin, Leo J. Carmell, Daniel D. Carney, William Roy Caron, O. J. Carpenter, Mrs. Frederic Ives, Sr. Carqueville, Mrs. A. R. Carr, Mrs. Clyde M. Carr, Robert A. Carroll, John A. Carter, Mrs. Armistead B. Carter, Miss Frances Jeannette Carton, Alfred T. Carton, Laurence A. Cassady, Thomas G. Castle, Alfred C. Castruccio, Giuseppe Cedar, Merwyn E. Cederlund, R. Stanley Cerling, Fredolph A. Cemoch, Frank Chandler, Henry P. Chapin, William Arthur Chapman, Arthur E. Chatain, Robert N. Cheney, Dr. Henry W. Chenier, Miss Mizpah Cherones, George D. Cherry, Walter L., Jr. Childs, Mrs. George W. Chinlund, Miss Ruth E. Chislett, Miss Kate E. Chrisos, Dr. Sam S. Christen sen, E. C. Christiansen, Dr. Henry Churan, Charles A. Clare, Carl P. Clark, Mrs. Edward S. Clark, Edwin H. Clarke, Charles F. Clay, John Clemen, Dr. Rudolph A. Clements, George L. Clifford, Fred J., Jr. Clinch, Duncan L. Cline, Lyle B. Clithero, W. S. Clonick, Abraham J. Clonick, Herbert J. Clonick, Seymour E. Close, James W. Clow, Mrs. Harry B. Coates, John M. Coath, V. W. Cochran, John L. Cohen, George B. Cohen, Mrs. L. Lewis Colburn, Frederick S. Colby, Mrs. George E. Cole, Sidney I. Coleman, Clarence L., Jr. Coleman, Dr. George H. Coleman, Mrs. John Coleman, Loring W. Coleman, Marvin H. Collier, Mrs. Corina Melder Collins, Beryl B. CoUison, E. K. Colvin, Miss Catharine Colvin, Miss Jessie Colwell, Clyde C. Compton, Mrs. Arthur H. Compton, D. M. Conger, Miss Cornelia Conklin, Miss Shirley Connell, P. G. Conners, Harry Conover, Miss Margaret B. Cook, Mrs. Charles B. Cook, Mrs. David S. Cook, Jonathan Miller Cook, L. Charles Cook, Louis T. Cook, Thomas H. Cooke, Charles E. Cooley, Gordon A., Sr. Coolidge, Miss Alice Coolidge, E. Channing Coolidge, Dr. Edgar D. Coombs, James F. Coonley, John Stuart Coonley, Prentiss L. Cooper, Samuel Copland, David Corbett, Mrs. William J. Cornell, Mrs. John E. Cosford, Thomas H. Costanzo, Dr. Vincent A. Coston, James E. Cowen, Miss Edna T. Cowen, Maurice L. Cowles, Knight C. Cox, James C. Cox, William D. Cragg, Mrs. George L. Creange, A. L. Crerar, Mrs. John Crilly, Edgar 114 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Cromwell, Miss Juliette Clara Crooks, Harry D. Crowley, C. A. Crown, Robert Cubbins, Dr. William R. Cudahy, Edward I. Cummings, Mrs. D. Mark Cummings, Dexter Cummings, Edward M. Cummings, Mrs. Frances S. Cuneo, John F. Cunningham, Seymour S. Curtis, Austin Guthrie, Jr. Cusack, Harold Cushing, John Caleb Cushman, Barney Cutler, Henry E. Cutler, Paul William Cuttle, Harold E. Daemicke, Mrs. Irwin Paul Dahlberg, Wendell Daily, Richard Daley, Harry C. Dalmar, Mrs. Hugo Dalmar, Hugo, Jr. Dammann, J. F. Dangel, W. H. Danielson, Philip A. Danley, Jared Gage Danne, William C, Jr. Dantzig, Leonard P. Dapples, George H. D'Aquila, George Darbo, Howard H. Darrow, Paul E. Daughaday, C. Colton David, Dr. Vernon C. Davidson, David W. Davies, Marshall Davis, Arthur Davis, C. S. Davis, Don L. Davis, Frank S. Davis, Dr. Joseph A. Davis, Dr. Loyal Davis, Dr. Nathan S., Ill Deahl, Uriah S. Deane, Mrs. Ruthven Decker, Charles 0. De Costa, Lewis M. de Dardel, Carl O. Deeming, W. S. Degen, David Demaree, H. S. Deming, Everett G. Denman, Mrs. Burt J. Dennehy, Thomas C, Jr. Denney, Ellis H. Des Isles, Mrs. Carrie L. Deutsch, Mrs. Percy L. De Vries, David De Witt, Dennis Dick, Edison Dick, Elmer J. Dick, Mrs. Homer T. Dickinson, F. R. Dickinson, Mrs. Thompson Dickinson, William R., Jr. Diestel, Mrs. Herman Dimick, Miss Elizabeth Dimmer, Miss Elizabeth G. Dix, Richard H. Dixon, George W., Jr. Dixon, Wesley M., Jr. Dixon, Mrs. William Warren Dobyns, Mrs. Henry F. Doctor, Isidor Dodge, Mrs. Paul C. Dole, John L. Dolke, W. Fred Donker, Mrs. William Donlon, Mrs. Stephen E. Donnel, Mrs. Curtis, Jr. Donnelley, Gaylord Donnelley, Mrs. H. P. Donohue, Edgar T. Doolittle, John R. Dombusch, Charles H. Dorocke, Joseph, Jr. Dorschel, Q. P. Douglas, James H., Jr. Douglass, Kingman Douglass, Mrs. W. A. Dowd, Mrs. Frank J. Drago, Stephen Drake, Robert T. Dreutzer, Carl Drever, Thomas Dreyfuss, Mrs. Moise Dubbs, C. P. Dudak, Mrs. Anna Dudley, Laurence H. Dulsky, Mrs. Samuel Dumelle, Frank C. Dunbaugh, Harry J. Duncan, Albert G. Duner, Joseph A. Dunlop, Mrs. Simpson Dunn, Samuel O. Durand, Mrs. N. E. Durbin, Fletcher M. Easterberg, C. J. Eastman, Mrs. George H. Eaton, J. Frank Ebeling, Frederic O. Eckhart, Percy B. Edelson, Dave Edwards, Miss Edith E. Egan, William B. Eger, Gerard J. Eichengreen, Edmund K. Eichler, Robert M. Eiseman, Fred R. Eisenberg, Sam J. Eisendrath, Edwin W. Eisendrath, Miss Elsa B. Eisendrath, William B. Eisenschiml, Mrs. Otto Eisenstaedt, Harry Eisenstein, Sol Elcock, Mrs. Edward G. Elich, Robert William Ellbogen, Miss Celia Elliott, Dr. Clinton A. Elliott, Frank R. Ellis, Mrs. G. Corson Ellis, Howard Elvgren, Gillette A. Embree, Henry S. Embree, J. W., Jr. Emery, Edward W. Emmerich, Miss Clara L. Engberg, Miss Ruth M. English, William L. Engstrom, Harold Erdmann, Mrs. C. Pardee Erickson, Donovan Y. Ericson, Mrs. Chester F. Ericsson, Clarence Ericsson, Dewey A. Ericsson, Walter H. Erikson, Carl A. Ernst, Mrs. Leo Etten, Henry C. Evans, Miss Anna B. Evans, Eliot H. Everett, William S. Fabrice, Edward H. Fackt, Mrs. George P. Fader, A. L. Faherty, Roger Faithorn, Walter E. Fallon, Mrs B. J. Fallon, Dr. W. Raymond Falls, Dr. A. G. Famham, Mrs. Harry J. Farrell, Mrs. B. J. Farwell, John V., Ill Faulkner, Charles J. Faurot, Henry, Jr. Fay, Eugene C. Feinstein, Edward Howard Feiwell, Morris E. 115 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Felix, Benjamin, B. Fellows, William K. Felsenthal, Edward George Fennekohl, Mrs. Arthur C. Femald, Robert W. Fetzer, Wade Filkins, A. J. Fineman, Oscar Finley, Max H. Finnegan, Mrs. Edward R. Finnerud, Dr. Clark W. Firsel, Maurice S. Fischel, Frederic A. Fish, Mrs. Helen S. Fishbein, Dr. Morris Fisher, Harry M. Fisk, Mrs. Bumham M. Fleming, Mrs. Joseph B. Florsheim, Harold M. Florsheim, Irving S. Florsheim, Mrs. Milton S. Folonie, Mrs. Robert J. Folsom, Mrs. William R. Foote, Mrs. Harley T. Forch, Mrs. John L., Jr. Ford, Mrs. Willis Roland Foreman, Mrs. Alfred K. Foreman, Edwin G., Jr. Foreman, Harold E. Forgan, James B. Forgan, Mrs. J. Russell Forgan, Robert D. Forman, Charles Forster, J. George Fortune, Miss Joanna Foster, Mrs. Charles K. Fox, Jacob Logan Fox, Dr. Paul C. Franche, Mrs. D. C, III Frank, Arthur A. Frankel, Louis Frankenstein, William B. Frankenthal, Dr. Lester E., Jr. Franklin, Egington Frazer, Mrs. George E. Freda, Dr. Vincent C. Freeman, Charles Y. Freeto, Clarence E. Freiler, Abraham J. French, Dudley K. Frenier, A. B. Freudenthal, G. S. Frey, Charles Daniel Freyn, Henry J. Fridstein, Meyer Friedlander, William Friedlich, Mrs. Herbert Fritsch, Miss Josephine Fuller, Mrs. Gretta Patterson Fuller, J. E. Fuller, Judson M. Furry, William S. Gabriel, Adam Gaertner, William Galgano, John H. Gall, Charles H. Gall, Harry T. Gallup, Rockwell L. Gait, Mrs. A. T. Gamble, D. E. Garcia, Jose Garden, Hugh M. G. Gardiner, Mrs. John L. Gardner, Addison L., Jr. Gardner, Frederick D. Gardner, Henry A. Gardner, Henry K. Garen, Joseph F. Garrison, Dr. Lester E. Gary, Theodore S. Gates, Mrs. L. F. Gay, Rev. A. Royal Gear, H. B. Gebhardt, Alfred E. Gehl, Dr. W. H. Gehrmann, Felix Geiger, Alfred B. Gelling, Dr. E. M. K. Geittmann, Dr. W. F. Geldmeier, Dr. Erwin F. Gellert, Donald N. Gensburg, Samuel H. Gentry, Veit Gentz, Miss Margaret Nina Gerding, R. W. Gemgross, Mrs. Leo Gerstley, Dr. Jesse R. Gettelman, Mrs. Sidney H. Gettleman, Frank E. Getz, Mrs. James R. Getzoff, E. B. Gibbs, Richard F. Gibson, Paul Gibson, Dr. Stanley Gibson, Truman K., Jr. Gidwitz, Alan K. Giffey, Miss Hertha Gifford, Mrs. Frederick C. Gilchrist, Mrs. John F. Gilchrist, Mrs. William Albert Giles, Mrs. Guy H. Gillette, Mrs. Ellen D. Gilmore, Dr. John H. Gimbel, J. W., Jr. Ginther, Miss Minnie C. Giryotas, Dr. Emelia J. Glaescher, Mrs. G. W. Glasner, Rudolph W. Glasser, Joshua B. Click, Louis G. Godley, Mrs. John M. Goes, Mrs. Arthur A. Golber, David Goldblatt, Joel Golding, Robert N. Goldstein, Dr. Abraham Goldstein, Dr. Helen L. Button Goldstein, Nathan S. Goldy, Walter I. Goltra, Mrs. William B. Goode, Mrs. Rowland T. Goodman, Benedict K. Goodman, Mrs. Milton F. Goodman, William E. Goodwin, Clarence Norton Goodwin, George S. Gordon, Colin S. Gordon, Harold J. Gordon, Dr. Richard J. Gordon, Mrs. Robert D. Gorrell, Mrs. Warren Gottlieb, Frederick M. Gould, Jay Gould, Mrs. June K. Grade, Joseph Y. Graham, Douglas Graham, E. V. Graham, Miss Margaret H. Gramm, Mrs. Helen Granger, Mrs. Lillian M. Grant, James D. Grant, John G. Graves, Austin T. Graves, Howard B. Grawoig, Allen Gray, Dr. Earle Gray, Edward Gray, Philip S. Green, Michael Greenacre, Miss Cordelia Ann Greenburg, Dr. Ira E. Greene, Henry E. Greene, Howard T, Greenlee, Mrs. William Brooks Greenman, Mrs. Earl C. Gregory, Stephen S., Jr. Gregory, Tappan Gressens, Otto Grey, Dr. Dorothy 116 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Griffenhagen, Mrs. Edwin O. Griffith, Mrs. Carroll L. Griffith, Mrs. William Griswold, Harold T. Grizzard, James A. Groak, Irwin D. Gronkowski, Rev. C. I. Groot, Cornelius J. Groot, Lawrence A. Grossman, Frank I. Grothenhuis, Mrs. William J. Grotowski, Mrs. Leon Gruhn, Alvah V. Grunow, Mrs. William C. Guenzel, Louis Guest, Ward E. Gurley, Miss Helen K. Gustafson, Gilbert E. Gustafson, Mrs. Winfield A. Gwinn, William R. Hadley, Mrs. Edwin M. Haffner, Mrs. Charles C, Jr. Hagen, Mrs. Daise Haight, George I. Hair, T. R. Hajicek, Rudolph F. Haldeman, Walter S. Hale, Mrs. Samuel Hales, William M. Hall, Edward B. Hall, Mrs. J. B. Halligan, W. J. Hallmann, Herman F. Halperin, Aaron Halverstadt, Romaine M. Hamm, Fred B. Hammaker, Paul M. Hammerschmidt, Mrs. George F. Hand, George W. Hann, J. Roberts Hansen, Mrs. Fred A. Hansen, Jacob W. Hanson, Mrs. Norman R. Harder, John H. Harders, Mrs. Flora Rassweiler Harding, John Cowden Harms, Van Deursen Harper, Alfred C. Harrington, David L. Harris, Mrs. Abraham Harris, David J. Harris, Gordon L. Harris, Stanley G. Hart, Henry N. Hart, Max A. Hart, William M. Hartmann, A. O. Hartung, George, Jr. Hartz, W. Homer Harvey, Byron, III Harvey, Richard M. Harwood, Thomas W. Has.s, G. C. Hawkes, Joseph B. Hay, Mrs. William Sherman Hayakawa, Dr. S. I. Hayes, Charles M. Hayes, Harold C. Hayes, Miss Mary E. Haynie, Miss Rachel W. Hays, Mrs. Arthur A. Hayslett, Arthur J. Haywood, Mrs. Marshall L., Jr. Hazlett, Dr. William H. Hazlett, Mrs. William H. Healy, Vincent Jerrems Hearst, Mrs. Jack W. Heaton, Harry E. Heaton, Herman C. Heffeman, Miss Lili Hefner, Adam Heide, Mrs. Bernard H. Heiman, Marcus Heinzelman, Karl Heinzen, Mrs. Carl Heisler, Francis Hejna, Joseph F. Heldmaier, Miss Marie Helfrich, J. Howard Heller, Albert Heller, John A. Heller, Mrs. Walter E. Hellman, George A. Hellyer, Walter Hemple, Miss Anne C. Henderson, Kenneth M. Henkel, Frederick W. Henley, Dr. Eugene H. Henschel, Edmund C. Herbst, LeRoy B. Herron, James C. Herron, Mrs. Oliver L. Hertz, Mrs. Fred Hertzberg, Lawrence Herwig, George Herwig, William D., Jr. Herz, Mrs. Alfred Hesse, E. E. Heverly, Earl L. Hibbard, Mrs. Angus S. Hibbard, Mrs. W. G. Hieber, Master J. Patrick Hildebrand, Dr. Eugene, Jr. Hildebrand, Grant M. Hill, Carlton Hill, Mrs. Russell D. Hille, Dr. Hermann Hillebrecht, Herbert E. Hind, Mrs. John Dwight Hinman, Mrs. Estelle S. Hinrichs, Henry, Jr. Hintz, Mrs. Aurelia Bertol Histed, J. Roland Hixon, Mrs. Frank P. Hodgkinson, Mrs. W. R. Hodgson, Mrs. G. C. Hoefman, Harold L. Hoffman, Miss Elizabeth Hoflfmann, Edward Hempstead Hogan, Robert E. Holabird, W. S., Jr. Holden, Edward A. Hollander, Mrs. Samuel Holleb, A. Paul Hollenbach, Louis Holliday, W. J. Hollis, Henry L. Holloway, J. L. Holmberg, Mrs. Adrian O. Holmblad, Dr. Edward C. Holmburger, Max Holmes, Miss Harriet F. Holmes, J. A. Holmes, William Holmes, William N. Holt, Miss Ellen Holt, McPherson Holub, Anthony S. Holzheimer, Carl Hoover, Mrs. Fred W. Hoover, H. Earl Hoover, Ray P. Hope, Alfred S. Hopkins, Albert L. Hopkins, Mrs. James M. Hopkins, Mrs. James M., Jr. Horcher, William W. Home, Mrs. William Dodge, Jr. Homer, Mrs. Maurice L., Jr. Horton, Mrs. Helen Horton, Horace B. Horween, Arnold Horween, Isidore Hosbein, Louis H. Hough, Frank G. Hovland, Mrs. John P. Howard, Willis G. Howe, Charles Albee 117 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Howe, Clinton W. Howe, Ralph B. Howe, Roger F. Howes, Mrs. Frank W. Howie, Mrs. James E. Howse, Richard G. Howson, Louis R. Hoyne, Miss Susan D. Hoyt, Mrs. Phelps B. Hraback, L. W. Hrdlicka, Mrs. John D. Huber, Dr. Harry Lee Hudson, Miss Katherine J. Huey, Mrs. A. S. Hufty, Mrs. F. P. Huggins, Dr. Ben H. Huggins, G. A. Hughes, John E. Hume, James P. Humphrey, H. K. Huncke, Herbert S. Huncke, Oswald W. Hunding, B. N. Hunt, George L. Hurd, Ferris E. Huska, Mrs. Joseph Hust, George Huszagh, Ralph D. Hutchinson, Foye P. Hutchinson, Samuel S. Hyatt, R. C. Ickes, Raymond W. Idelman, Bernard Igo, Michael L. Ilg, Robert A. Illich, George M., Jr. Ingalls, AUin K. IngersoU, Mrs. S. L. Inlander, N. Newton Inlander, Samuel Irons, Dr. Ernest E. Isaacs, Charles W., Jr. Isham, Henry P. Ives, Clifford E. Jackson, Allan Jackson, Archer L. Jackson, Mrs. Arthur S. Jackson, Mrs. W. A. Jacobi, Miss Emily C. Jacobs, Julius Jacobs, Mrs. Walter H. Jacobson, Raphael James, Walter C. Jameson, Clarence W Jancosek, Thomas A. Jansey, Dr. Felix Janson, Dr. C. Helge M. Janusch, Fred W. Jarchow, Mrs. C. E. Jarchow, Charles C. Jarrow, Harry W. Jeffreys, Mrs. Mary M. Jeffries, Dr. Daniel W. Jenkinson, Mrs. Arthur Gilbert Jerger, Wilbur Joseph Jetzinger, David Jirgal, John Jirka, Dr. Frank J. John, Dr. Findley D. Johnson, Dr. Adelaide Johnson, Alvin O. Johnson, Calmer L. Johnson, Mrs. Harley Alden Johnson, Joseph M. Johnson, Mrs. O. W. Johnson, Olaf B. Johnson, P. Sveinbjom Johnson, Philip C. Johnston, Edward R. Johnston, Miss Fannie S. Johnston, Mrs. Hubert McBean Johnston, Mrs. M. L. Jolly, Miss Eva Josephine Jonak, Frank J. Jones, Gordon M. Jones, J. Morris Jones, James B. Jones, Dr. Margaret M. Jones, Melvin Jones, Miss Susan E. Joseph, Mrs. Jacob G. Joseph, Louis L. Joy, Guy A. Judson, Clay Juergens, H. Paul Julien, Victor R. Kahn, Mrs. Arthur S. Kahn, J. Kesner Kahn, Jerome J. Kahn, Mrs. Lillian F. Kahn, Louis Kaine, James B. Kamins, Dr. Maclyn M. Kane, Jerome M. Kanter, Jerome J. Kaplan, Morris I. Kasch, Frederick M. Katz, Mrs. Sidney L. Katz, Solomon Katzenstein, Mrs. George P. Katzin, Frank Kauffman, Mrs. R. K. Kauffmann, Alfred Kaufman, Justin Kaufmann, Dr. Gustav L. Kavanagh, Clarence H. Kay, Mrs. Marie E. Keach, Benjamin Kehl, Robert Joseph Kehoe, Mrs. High Boles Keith, Stanley Keith, Mrs. Stanley Kelemen, Rudolph Kelker, Rudolph F., Jr. Kelly, Mrs. Haven Core Kemper, Hathaway G. Kemper, Miss Hilda M. Kempner, Harry B. Kempner, Stan Kendall, Mrs. Virginia H. Kendrick, John F. Kennedy, Mrs. E. J. Kennedy, Lesley Kennelly, Martin H. Kenney, Clarence B. Kent, Dr. O. B. Kent, Robert H. Keogh, Gordon E. Kern, Mrs. August Kern, H. A. Kern, Dr. Nicholas H. Kern, Trude Kerwin, Edward M. Kestnbaum, Meyer Kettering, Mrs. Eugene W. Kew, Mrs. Stephen M. Kidwell, L. B. Kiessling, Mrs. Charles S. Kile, Miss Jessie J. Kimball, William W. Kimbark, John R. King, Mrs. Charles G. King, Clinton B. King, Joseph H. Kingman, Mrs. Arthur G. Kinsey, Robert S. Kirkland, Mrs. Weymouth Kirst, Lyman R. Kitchen, Howell W. Kitzelman, Otto Kleinpell, Dr. Henry H. Kleist, Mrs. Harry Kleppinger, William H. Kleutgen, Dr. Arthur C. Klinetop, Mrs. Charles W. Knickerbocker, Miss Paula Knopf, Andrew J. Knutson, George H. Koch, Mrs. Fred J. Koch, Raymond J. Koch, Robert J. Kochs, August Koehnlein, Wilson 0. Kohler, Eric L. 118 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Konsberg, Alvin V. Kopf, Miss Isabel Kopinski, Louis Koppenaal, Dr. Elizabeth Thompson Komblith, Mrs. Howard G. Kosobud, William F. Kotal, John A. Kotin, George N. Koucky, Dr. J. D. Krafft, Mrs. Walter A. Kraft, John H. Kraft, Norman Kralovec, Emil G. Kralovec, Mrs. Otto J. Kraus, Samuel B. Krautter, L. Martin Kresl, Carl Kretschmer, Herman L., Jr. Krez, Leonard O. Krider, E. A. Kroehler, Kenneth KropflF, C. G. Krost, Dr. Gerard N. Kuehn, A. L. Kuh, Mrs. Edwin J., Jr. Kuhn, Frederick T. Kuhn, Dr. Hedwig S. Kunka, Bernard J. Kunstadter, Albert Kunstadter, Sigmund W. Kurfess, John Fredric Kurtz, W. O. Kurtzon, Morris Kurzdorfer, E. T. Lacey, Miss Clara R. Lafiin, Miss June Atchison Lafiin, Louis E., Jr. Lafiin, Mrs. Louis E., Jr. Lafiin, Louis E., Ill Lafiin, Miss Mary Josephine Laing, Mrs. Milton L. Laing, William Lambert, C. A. Lambrecht, Carl R., Jr. Lampert, Wilson W. Lanahan, Mrs. M. J. Lane, F. Howard Lang, Edward J. Langenbach,Mrs.AliceR. Langford, Mrs. Robert E. Langhome, George Tayloe Lanman, E. B. Lansinger, Mrs. John M. Larimer, Howard S. Larsen, Samuel A. Larson, Mrs. Sarah G. Lassers, Sanford B. Latshaw, Dr. Blair S. Lautmann, Herbert M. Lavers, A. W. Lavezzorio, N. J. Lavidge, Arthur W. Law, Mrs. Robert O. Lawless, Dr. Theodore K. Lawson, David A. Lax, John Franklin Layden, Michael J. Lazar, Maurice Leahy, James F. Leavell, James R. Le Baron, Miss Edna Lebold, Samuel N. Lebolt, John Michael Lederer, Dr. Francis L. Lee, David Arthur Lefens, Miss Katherine J. Lefens, Walter C. Leichenko, Peter M. Leight, Mrs. Albert E. Leland, Miss Alice J. Leland, Mrs. Rosco G. Lennon, George W. Lenz, J. Mayo Leonard, Arthur T. Lerch, William H. Leslie, Dr. Eleanor I. Leslie, John Woodworth Lessman, Gerhard Le Toumeau, Mrs. Robert Leverone, Louis E. Levi, Julian H. Levinson, Mrs. Salmon O. Levitan, Benjamin Levy, Alexander M. Levy, Arthur G. Lewy, Dr. Alfred L'Hommedieu, Arthur Liebenson, Harold A. Liebman, A. J. Lillyblade, Clarence O. Linden, John A. Lindheimer, B. F. Lingle, Bowman C. Little, Mrs. E. H. Littler, Harry E., Jr. Livingston, .Julian M. Livingston, Mrs. Milton L. Llewellyn, Paul Lloyd, Glen A. Lochman, Philip Loeb, Hamilton M. Loewenberg, Israel S. Loewenberg, M. L. Loewenherz, Emanuel Loewenstein, Richard M. Loewy, Dr. Arthur Long, William E. Loomis, D. P. Loomis, Reamer G. Lord, Arthur R. Lord, John S. Lord, Mrs. Russell Loucks, Charles O. Louer, Albert E. M. Louis, Mrs. John J. Lovgren, Carl Lowell, Arthur J. Lucey, Patrick J. Ludgin, Earle Ludolph, Wilbur M. Lueder, Arthur C. Lunding, Franklin J. Luria, Herbert A. Lusk, R. R. Lustgarten, Samuel Lydon, Robert R. Lyford, Harry B. Lynch, J. W. Lyon, Charles H. Mabee, Mrs. Melbourne MacDonald, E. K. Maclntyre, Mrs. M. K. MacKenzie, William J. Mackey, Frank J. Mackinson, Dr. John C. MacLellan, K. F. MacMullen, Dr. Delia M. MacMurray, Mrs, Donald Madlener, Mrs. Albert F., Jr. Madlener, Otto Madrin, Mrs. Charles Maehler, Edgar E. Magan, Miss Jane A. Magerstadt, Madeline Magill, John R. Magnus, Albert, Jr. Magnuson, Mrs. Paul Maher, Mrs. D. W. Main, Walter D. Majors, Mrs. B. S. Makler, Joseph H. Maling, Albert Malone, William H. Manasse, De Witt J. Manaster, Harry Mandel, Mrs. Aaron W. Mandel, Edwin F. Mandel, Miss Florence Mandel, Mrs. Robert Manegold, Mrs. Frank W. Manierre, Francis E. Manierre, Louis Manley, John A. Manz, Mrs. Carolyn D. 119 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS {continued) Maremont, Arnold H. Mark, Mrs. Cyrus Mark, Griffith Marquart, Arthur A. Marsh, A. Fletcher Marsh, Mrs. John P. Marsh, Mrs. Marshall S. Marsh, Peter John Marston, Mrs. Thomas B. Martin, Mrs. George B. Martin, George F. Martin, Samuel H. Martin, Wells Marx, Adolf Marx, Frederick Z. Marzluff, Frank W. Marzola, Leo A. Mason, Willard J. Masse, B. A. Massey, Peter J. Masterson, Peter Mathesius, Mrs. Walther Matson, J. Edward Matter, Mrs. John Maurer, Dr. Siegfried Maxant, Basil Maxwell, Lloyd R. Mayer, Frank D. Mayer, Herman J., Jr. Mayer, Isaac H. Mayer, Leo Mayer, Oscar G. Mayer, Theodore S. Mazurek, Miss Olive McAlvin, Mrs. James H. McArthur, Billings M. McCahey, James R. McCarthy, Joseph W. McCausland, Mrs. Clara L. McClun, John M. McCormick, Mrs. Chauncey McCormick, Fowler McCormick, Howard H. McCormick, Leander J. McCormick, Robert H., Jr. McCrea, Mrs. W. S. McCready, Mrs. E. W. McCreight, Louis Ralph McCutcheon, Mrs. John T. McDonald, E. F., Jr. McDonald, Lewis McDougal, C. Bouton McDougal, David B. McDougal, Mrs. James B. McDougal, Mrs. Robert McErlean, Charles V. McGraw, Max McGum, Matthew S. Mcllvaine, William B. Mcintosh, Mrs. Walter G. McKinney, Mrs. Hayes McLennan, Donald R., Jr. McLennan, Mrs. Donald R., Sr. McLennan, William L. McMenemy, Logan T. McMillan, James G. McMillan, John McMillan, W. B. McNamara, Louis G. McNamee, Peter F. McNulty, Joseph D. McQuarrie, Mrs. Fannie McReynolds, Mrs. Ruth M. McVoy, John M. Mead, Dr. Henry C. A. Medsker, Dr. Ora L. Meidell, Harold Melcher, George Clinch Melnick, Leopold B. Merrell, John H. Merriam, Miss Eleanor Merrill, Miss Marion E. Merrill, William W. Metz, Dr. Arthur R. Meyer, Mrs. A. H. Meyer, Abraham W. Meyer, Dr. Charles A. Meyer, Charles Z. Meyerhoff, A. E. Meyers, Erwin A. Meyers, Jonas Michaels, Everett B. Michel, Dr. William J. Midowicz, C. E. Mielenz, Robert K. Milbum, Miss Anne L. Milhening, Frank Milhoan, F. B. Miller, Miss Bertie E. Miller, Mrs. Clayton W. Miller, Mrs. Donald J. Miller, Mrs. F. H. Miller, Mrs. George Miller, Hyman Miller, John S. Miller, Mrs. Olive Beaupre Miller, Oren Elmer Miller, Oscar C. Miller, Mrs. Phillip Miller, R. T., Jr. Mills, Allen G. Mills, Lloyd Langdon Miner, Dr. Carl S. Mintum, Benjamin E. Mitchell, John J. Mitchell, Leeds Mitchell, Maurice B. Mitchell, Oliver Mock, Dr. Harry Edgar Moist, Mrs. Samuel E. Mojonnier, Timothy Mollan, Mrs. Feme T. Molloy, David J. Mong, Mrs. C. R. Monheimer, Henry I. Moore, Chester G. Moore, Paul Moore, Philip Wyatt Moran, Miss Margaret Moray, Dr. Charles W. Morf, F. William Morrison, Mrs. Harry Morrison, James C. Morrow, Mrs. John, Jr. Morse, Mrs. Charles J. Morse, Leland R. Morse, Mrs. Milton M. Morse, Robert H. Morton, Sterling Moses, Howard A. Moss, Jerome A. Mossman, John E. Mouat, Andrew J. Moxon, Dr. George W. Moyer, Mrs. PaulS. Mudge, Mrs. John B. Muehlstein, Mrs. Charles Mueller, Austin M. Mueller, Miss Hedwig H. Mueller, J. Herbert Mueller, Paul H. Mulhem, Edward F. Munroe, Moray Murphy, Joseph D. Murphy, O. R. Murphy, Robert E. Muszynski, John J. Myrland, Arthur L. Naess, Sigurd E. Nagel, Mrs. Frank E. Nance, Willis D. Naumann, Miss Susan Nebel, Herman C. Neely, Mrs. Lloyd F. Nehls, Arthur L. Nellegar, Mrs. Jay C. Nelson, Arthur W. Nelson, Charles G. Nelson, Donald M. Nelson, Victor W. Neuman, Sidney Neumann, Arthur E. Newberger, Joseph Michael Newhall, R. Frank Newhouse, Karl H. Newman, Mrs. Albert A. 120 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Newman, Charles H. Nichols, Frank Billings Nichols, J. C. Nilsson, Mrs. Goodwin M. Nishkian, Mrs. Vaughn G. Nitze, Mrs. William A. Noble, Samuel R. Noonan, Edward J. Norman, Harold W. Norris, Mrs. Lester Norton, Christopher D. Novak, Charles J. Noyes, A. H. Noyes, Allan S. Noyes, Mrs. May Wells Nufer, Gene Nusbaum, Mrs. Hermien D. Nyman, Dr. John Egbert Oberf elder, Herbert M. Oberielder, Walter S. Obermaier, John A. O'Brien, Miss Janet O'Connell, Edmund Daniel Odell, William R., Jr. Offield, James R. Offield, Wrigley Oglesbee, Nathan H. O'Keeffe, William F. Olaison, Miss Eleanor O. Oldberg, Dr. Eric Oldefest, Edward G. Oleson, Wrisley B. Olin, Carl E. Oliver, Mrs. Paul Olsen, Miss Agnes J. 01 sen, Mrs. Arthur O. Olson, Gustaf Olson, Rudolph J. O'Neil, Dr. Owen Onofrio, Mrs. Michael J. Ooms, Casper William Opeka, Frank M. Oppenheimer, Mrs. Harry D. Omdoff , Dr. Benjamin H. O'Rourke, Albert Orr, Mrs. Robert C. Orr, Thomas C. Orthal, A. J. Ortmayer, Dr. Marie Osbom, Theodore L. Oser, Nelson A. Ostrom, Mrs. J. Augustus O'Sullivan, James J. Otis, J. Sanford Otis, Joseph E. Otis, Joseph Edward, Jr. Otis, Stuart Huntington O'Toole, Bartholomew Owens, Harry J. Paasche, Jens A. Packard, Dr. Rollo K. Paepcke, Walter P. Page, John W. Pallasch, Dr. Gervaise P. Palm, Felix Palmer, James L. Palmgren, Mrs. Charles A. Pandaleon, Costa A. Pardee, Harvey S. Pardridge, Mrs. E. W. Park, R. E. Parker, Norman S. Parker, Troy L. Parks, C. R. Parmelee, Dr. A. H. Parry, Mrs. Norman G. Partridge, Lloyd C. Paschen, Mrs. Henry Pashkow, A. D. Patterson, Grier D. Patzelt, Miss Janet Peabody, Howard B. Peabody, Miss Susan W. Pearl, Allen S. Pearse, Langdon Pearson, George Albert, Jr. Peck, Dr. David B. Peirce, Albert E. Pencik, Jan M. PenDell, Charles W. Percy, Dr. Mortimer Nelson Perel, Harry Z. Perkins, Mrs. Herbert F. Perlman, Daniel Perry, Mrs. I. Newton Perry, William A. Peter, William F. Peters, Harry A. Petersen, Elmer M. Petersen, Jurgen Peterson, Axel A. Peterson, Mrs. Bertha I. Peterson, Mrs. Elizabeth F. Pfaelzer, Miss Elizabeth W. Pflock, Dr. John J. Phelps, Mrs. W. L. Phillips, Dr. Herbert Morrow Phillips, Mervyn C. Phoenix, George E. Pick, Albert, Jr. Pick, Frederic G. Pierce, J. Norman Pierce, Paul, Jr. Pierson, Joseph B. Pink, Mrs. Ira M. Pirie, Mrs. John T. Plapp, Miss Doris A. Piatt, Edward Vilas Piatt, Mrs. Robert S. Plummer, Comer Pobloske, Albert C. Podell, Mrs. Beatrice Hayes Polk, Mrs. Stella F. Pollak, Charies A. Pope, Herbert Pope, John W. Poppenhagen, Henry J. Porter, Charles H. Porter, Edward C. Porter, Mrs. Frank S. Porter, Henry H. Porter, Louis Porter, Mrs. Sidney S. Post, Mrs. Philip Sidney Pottenger, William A. Potts, Albert W. Poulson, Mrs. Clara L. Powills, Michael A. Pratt, Mrs. William E. Pray, Max Prentice, John K. Price, John McC. Primley, Walter S. Prince, Mrs. Arthur C. Prince, Harry Prince, Rev. Herbert W. Prince, Leonard M. Pritchard, Richard E. Probst, Marvin G. Proxmire, Dr. Theodore Stanley Prussing, Mrs. R. E. Pucci, Lawrence Purcell, Joseph D. Purcey, Victor W. Putnam, Miss Mabel C. Puttkammer, E. W. Quick, Miss Hattiemae Raber, Franklin Racheff, Ivan Radford, Mrs. W. A., Jr. Radniecki, Rev. Stanley Raff, Mrs. Arthur Raftree, Miss Julia M. Railton, Miss Frances Ramis, Leon Lipman Randall; Rev. Edwin J. Randall, Irving Raney, Mrs. R. J. Rankin, Miss Jessie H. 121 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Rathje, Frank C. Ratiier, Walter B. Ray, Harold R. Raymond, Dr. Albert L. Raymond, Mrs. Howard D. Reach, Benjamin F. Reals, Miss Lucile Famsworth, Jr. Redfield, William M. Redington, F. B. Reed, Mrs. Lila H. Reed, Norris H. Reed, Mrs. Philip L. Regan, Mrs. Robert G. Regenstein, Joseph Regenstein, Joseph, Jr. Regnery, Frederick L. Reid, Mrs. Bryan Reilly, Vincent P. Reingold, J. J. Remy, Mrs. William Renaldi, George J. Renshaw, Mrs. Charles Re Qua, Mrs. Charles Howard, Jr. Re Qua, Haven A. Rew, Mrs. Irwin Reynolds, Mrs. G. William Reynolds, Harold F. Rhodes, Charles M. Rice, Mrs. Charles R. Rice, Laurence A. Rich, Elmer Rich, Harry Richards, Mrs. Bartlett Richards, Donald Richards, Marcus D. Richardson, George A. Richardson, Guy A. Richter, Mrs. Adelyn W. Ridgeway, Ernest Rieser, Leonard M. Rietz, Elmer W. Rietz, Walter H. Ripstra, J. Henri Ritchie, Mrs. John Rittenhouse, Charles J. Roberts, John M. Roberts, Shepherd M. Roberts, William Munsell Robertson, Hugh Robinson, Sanger P. Robinson, Theodore W., Jr. Roderick, Solomon P. Rodgers, Dr. David C. Rodman, Thomas Clifford Rodman, Mrs. Hugh Roebuck, Mrs. A. S. Roehling, Mrs. Otto G. Roehm, George R. Rogers, Miss Annie T. Roggenkamp, John Rogovsky, W. P. Rolnick, Dr. Harry C. Romane, Julian J. (Pat) Root, John W. Rosborough, Dr. Paul A. Rosen, M. R. Rosenbaum, Mrs. Edwin S. Rosenbaum, Mrs. Harold A. Rosenfeld, M. J. Rosenstone, Nathan Rosenstone, Samuel Rosenthal, Kurt Rosenthal, Samuel R. Rosenwald, Richard M. Ross, Joseph F. Ross, Robert C. Ross, Mrs. Robert E. Ross, Thompson Ross, Walter S. Roth, Mrs. Margit Hochsinger Rothacker, Watterson R. Rothschild, George William Routh, George E., Jr. Rozelle, Mrs. Emma Rubens, Mrs. Charles Rubloff, Arthur Rubovits, Theodore Ruettinger, John W. Runnells, Mrs. Clive Rushton, Joseph A. Rutledge, George E. Ryan, Mrs. William A. Ryerson, Mrs. Donald M. Sackley, Mrs. James A. Sage, W. Otis Saks, Benjamin Salk, Erwin A. Salmon, Mrs. E. D. Sammons, Wheeler Sample, John Glen Sampsell, Marshall G. Sandidge, Miss Daisy Sands, Mrs. Frances B. Santini, Mrs. Randolph Sargent, Chester F. Sargent, Ralph Sauter, Fred J. Sawyer, Ainslie Y. Sawyer, Dr. Alvah L. Schact, John H. Schaefer, Fred A. Schafer, Mrs. Elmer J. Schafer, 0. J. Schaffner, Mrs. Joseph Schaffner, Mrs. L. L. Scharin, Mrs. J. Hippach Scheiner, Miss Clara A. Scheinman, Jesse D. Schenck, Frederick Schlichting, Justus L. Schmidt, Dr. Charles L. Schmidt, Mrs. Minna M. Schmitz, Dr. Henry Schneider, D. G. Schneider, F. P. Schnering, P. B. Schnering, Robert B. Schnur, Ruth A. Scholl, Dr. William M. Schonne, Mrs. Charles W. Schreiner, Sigurd Schueren, Arnold C. Schukraft, William Schulze, Mrs. Mathilda Schupp, Philip C. Schurig, Robert Roy Schutz, Thomas A. Schuyler, Mrs. Daniel J. Schwab, Laurence E. Schwander, J. J. Schwandt, Miss Ema Schwanke, Arthur Schwartz, Charles K. Schwartz, Charles P. Schwartz, Dr. Otto Schwinn, Frank W. Scott, Miss Maud E. Scott, Willis H. Scribner, Gilbert Scudder, Mrs. William M. Searle, Daniel C. Searle, Mrs. Nell Y. Searle, William L. Sears, Miss Dorothy Sears, J. Alden Seaton, G. Leland Seavems, Louis C. Sedgwick, C. Galen See, Dr. Agnes Chester . Seeburg, Justus P. Segal, Victor Seifert, Mrs. Walter J. Seip, Emil G. Seipp, Clarence T. Seipp, Edwin A., Jr. Seipp, William C. Sencenbaugh, Mrs. C. W. Senne, John A. Serota, Dr. H. M. Shaffer, Carroll 122 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS {continued) Shakman, James G. Shanahan, Mrs. David E. Shannon, Angus Roy Shapiro, Meyer Sharpe. N. M. Sharrow, H. N. Shaw, Alfred P. Shaw, Mrs. Arch W. Sheldon, James M. Shelton, Dr. W. Eugene Shepherd, Mrs. Edith P. Shepherd, Miss Olive M. Sherman, Mrs. W. W. Shillestad, John N. Shillinglaw, David L. Shire, Moses E. Shoan, Nels Shorey, Clyde E. Shroyer, Malcolm E. Shumway, Mrs. Edward De Witt Shumway, Spencer Thomas Sidley, William P. Sieck, Herbert Siegel, David T. Siemund, Roy W. Silander, A. I. Silberman, Charles Silberman, David, Jr. Silberman, David B. Silberman, Hubert S. Sill, Vincent D. Sills, Clarence W. Silverstein, Ramond Simond, Robert E. Simonds, Dr. James P. Simpson, John M. Simpson, Lyman M. Sincere, Henry B. Sinclair, Dr. J. Frank Singer, Mrs. Mortimer H. Sinsheimer, Allen Siragusa, Ross D. Sisskind, Louis Sittler, Edwin C. Sivage, Gerald A. Skarm, Kenneth W. Skleba, Dr. Leonard F. Sleeper, Mrs. Olive C. Smith, Harold Byron Smith, Mrs. Hermon Dunlap Smith, J. P. Smith, Jens Smith, Mrs. Katharine Walker Smith, Mrs. Kinney Smith, Lynwood Smith, Miss Marion D. Smith, Paul C. Smith, Mrs. Ruth B. Smith, Mrs. Theodore White Smith, Z. Erol Smuk, Dr. J. E. Smullan, Alexander Snyder, Harry Socrates, Nicholas A. Sola, Joseph G. Solem, Dr. George O. Sonnenschein, Hugo So per, Henry M. Soper, James P., Jr. Sopkin, Mrs. Setia H. Speer, Robert J. Spencer, Mrs. Egbert H. Spencer, John P. Spencer, Mrs. William M. Sperry, Mrs. Leonard M. Spertus, Herman Spiegel, Mrs. Arthur H. Spiegel, Mrs. Gatzert Spiegel, Peter J. Spitz, Joel Spitz, Leo Sporrer, M. J. Sprague, Dr. John P. Spray, Cranston Squires, John G. Stacey, Mrs. Thomas L Starbird, Miss Myrtle L Starrels, Joel Stebbins, Fred J. Steele, Henry B., Jr. Steepleton, A. Forrest Stein, Mrs. Henry L. Stein, Dr. Irving Stein, L. Montefiore Stein, Sydney, Jr. Steinberg, Dr. Milton Stenson, Frank R. Stephan, Mrs. John Stephani, Edward J Stephens, L. L. Sterba, Dr. Joseph V. Stern, Mrs. Alfred Stem, Alfred Whital Stem, David B. Stem, David B., Jr. Stern, Gardner H. Stem, Oscar D. Stevens, Delmar A. Stevens, Elmer T. Stevens, Harold L. Stevenson, Engval Stipp, John E. Stirling, Miss Dorothy Stockton, Eugene M. Stolp, John A. Stone, Mrs. Theodore Stough, Mrs. Jay Straus, Henry H. Straus, Martin L. Straus, Melvin L. Strauss, Dr. Alfred A. Strauss, Ivan Strauss, John L. Strauss, Marshall E. Straw, Mrs. H. Foster Strickfaden, Miss Alma E. Stromberg, Charles J. Strong, Edmund H. Strong, M. D. Strong, Mrs. Walter A. Strotz, Harold C. Stulik, Dr. Charles Sullivan, Bolton Sulzberger, Frank L. Summer, Mrs. Edward Sundin, Ernest G. Sutherland, William Sutton, Harold I. Swain, David F. Swanson, Holgar G. Swartchild, Edward G. Swartchild, William G. Swett, Robert Wheeler Swibel, Charles R. Swift, Mrs. Alden B. Swift, Edward F., Jr. Swift, Gustavus F., Jr. Sykes, Aubrey L. Sykes, Mrs. Wilfred Tarrant, Mrs. Robert Taylor, E. Hall Taylor, Frank F. Taylor, Herbert J. Taylor, James L. Taylor, L. S. Taylor, William G. Templeton, Stuart J. Templeton, Walter L. Terry, Foss Bell Thai, Dr. Paul E. Thatcher, Everett A. Thelen, Floyd E. Thomas, Mrs. Florence T. Thomas, Dr. William A. Thompson, Arthur H. Thompson, Edward F. Thompson, Ernest H. Thompson, Floyd E. Thompson, Dr. George F. Thompson, John E. Thompson, John R., Jr. Thombum, John N. Thome, Hallett W. Thornton, Roy V. Thresher, C. J. Thulin, F. A. Tibbetts, Mrs. N. L. Tilden, Louis Edward Tilt, Charles A. 123 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Tobey, William Robert Tobias, Clayton H. Tockstein, Miss Mary Louise Todt, Mrs. Edward G. Torbet, A. W. Torosian, Peter G. Torrence, George P. Touchstone, John Henry Towler, Kenneth F. Towne, Mrs. John D. C. Traer, Glenn W. Trask, Arthur C. Traylor, Mrs. Melvin A., Jr. Traylor, Mrs. Melvin A., Sr. Tread well, H. A. Trenkmann, Richard A. Tripp, Chester D. Trombly, Dr. F. F. Trowbridge, Mrs. A. Buel, Jr. Trude, Mrs. Mark W. True, Charles H. Tumpeer, Joseph J. Turck, J. A. V. Turner, G. H. Turner, Mrs. Horace E. Tuthill, Gray B. Tyler, Thomas S. UUmann, Herbert S. Upham, Mrs. Frederic W. Uriell, Francis H. Utter, Mrs. Arthur J. Vacin, Emil F. Valentine, Andrew L. Valentine, Mrs. May L. Valentine, Patrick A. Van Artsdale, Mrs. Flora D. Van Cleef, Felix Van Cleef, Mrs. Noah Van Cleef, Paul Van Dellen, Dr. Theodore R. Van Deventer, Christopher Vanek, John C. Van Hagen, Miss Elizabeth Van Mell, Herman T. Van Schaack, R. H., Jr. Van Winkle, James Z. Van Zwoll, Henry B. Varel, Mrs. C. D. Vawter, William A., II Vehe, Dr. K. L. Verson, David C. Vette, J. L. Vial, Charles H. Vickery, Miss Mabel S. Vierling, Mrs. Louis Vogel, James B. Vogl, Otto Von Colditz, Dr. G. Thomsen- von Glahn, Mrs. August Voorhees, Mrs. Condit Voorhees, H. Belin Vose, Mrs. Frederic P. Voynow, Edward E. Wade, Albert G., II Wager, William Wagner, Mrs. Frances B. Wagner, Fritz, Jr. Wagner, Louis A. Wahl, Arnold Spencer Wakerlin, Dr. George E. Walgreen, C. R., Jr. Walgreen, Mrs. Charles R. Walker, James Walker, Mrs. Paul Walker, Samuel J. Walker, William E. Waller, Mrs. Edward C. Walpole, S. J. Walsh, Dr. Eugene L. Wanner, Arthur L. Ward, Edwin J. Ward, Mrs. N. C. Wardwell, H. F. Wares, Mrs. Helen Worth Warfield, Edwin A. Warner, Mrs. John Eliot Warren, Allyn D. Warren, Paul G. Warren, Walter G. Warsh, Leo G. Washburne, Hempstead Washington, Laurence W. Wassell, Joseph Watkins, George H. Watson, William Upton Watt, Herbert J. Watts, Harry C. Watzek, J. W., Jr. Webster, Arthur L. Webster, Miss Helen R. Webster, Henry A. Webster, Mrs. R. S. Wedelstaedt, H. A. Weil, Alfred J. Weil, Martin Weiner, Charles Weiner, George Weinstein, Dr. M. L. Weinzimmer, Dr. H. R. Weis, Samuel W. Weisbrod, Benjamin H. Weiss, Mrs. Morton Weiss, Siegfried Weissbrenner, A. W. Weisskopf, Dr. Max A. Welch, M. W. Welles, Mrs. Donald P. Welles, Mrs. Edward Kenneth Wells, Arthur H. Wells, Miss Cecilia Wells, Preston A. Wendell, Barrett Wendell, Miss Josephine A. Wentworth, Edward N. Wentworth, John Wentworth, Mrs. Sylvia B. Wentz, Peter L. Wertheimer, Joseph Wesley, C. N. West, Thomas H. Westerfeld, Simon Weymer, Earl M. Wheeler, George A. Wheeler, Leslie M. Wheeler, Mrs. Robert C. Whitaker, R. B. White, Mrs. James C. White, Joseph J. White, Richard T. White, Sanford B. White, Selden Freeman Whitfield, George B. Whiting, Mrs. Adele H. Whiting, Lawrence H. Whitnell, William W. Widdicombe, Mrs. R. A. Wieland, Charles J. Wieland, Mrs. George C. Wienhoeber, George V. Wilcox, Robyn Wilder, Harold, Jr. Wilder, Mrs. John E. Wilker, Mrs. Milton W. Wilkey, Fred S. Wilkinson, Mrs. George L. Wilkinson, John C. Willems, Dr. J. Daniel Willens, Joseph R. Willey, Mrs. Charles B. WilHams, J. M. Williams, Kenneth Williams, Rowland L. Williams, W. J. Williamson, George H. Willis, Paul, Jr. Willis, Thomas H. Willner, Benton Jack, Jr. Wilms, Hermann P. 124 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS (continued) Wilson, D. H. Wilson, Edward Foss Wilson, H. B., Sr. Wilson, Mrs. John R. Wilson, Miss Lillian M. Wilson, Morris Karl Wilson, Mrs. Robert E. Wilson, William Winans, Frank F. Windsor, H. H., Jr. Winston, Hampden Winston, James H. Winston, Mrs. James H. Winter, Irving Wolf, Mrs. Albert H. Wolf, Walter B. Wolfe, Lloyd R. Ackerman, Charles N. Adler, Mrs. Max Bartholomay, Henry Becker, Benjamin V. Birk, Miss Amelia Boynton, Frederick P. BufRington, Mrs. Margaret A. Bunge, Mrs. Albert J. Calmeyn, Frank B. Clark, Ainsworth W. Clarke, Harley L. Cook, Miss Alice B. Dickinson, Robert B. Doering, Otto C. Egloff, Dr. Gustav Eisendrath, Robert M. Erickson, James A. Fabry, Herman Finnegan, Richard J. Foreman, Mrs. E. G. Wood, Mrs. Gertrude D. Wood, Mrs. Hettie R. Wood, Kay Wood, Mrs. R. Arthur Wood, Robert E. Wood, Mrs. Rollin D. Wood, William G. Woods, Weightstill Work, Robert Works, George A. Wright, H. C. Wrigley, Mrs. Charles W. Wulf, Miss Marilyn Jean Wupper, Benjamin F. Yager, Mrs. Vincent Yondorf, John David DECEASED, 1955 Hanley, Henry L. Hansen, Mrs. Carl Heaney, Dr. N. Sproat Hokin, Mrs. Barney E. Holmes, Mrs. Maud G. Hubbard, George W. Hudson, Walter L. Jones, Mrs. C. A. Jones, Otis L. Kelly, William J. Kraus, Peter J. Lane, Ray E. Lavezzorio, Mrs. J. B. Lee, Mrs. John H. S. Liss, Samuel Love, Chase W. Martin, Mrs. William P. Mayer, Oscar F. McAloon, Owen J. Mcintosh, Arthur T. Moderwell, Charles M. Naber, Henry G. Yondorf, Milton S., Jr. Yorkey, Mrs. Margaret Young, B. Botsford Young, E. Frank Young, George W. Zabel, Max W. Zabel, Mrs. Max W. Zapel, Elmer J. Zerler, Charles F. Ziebarth, Charles A. Zimmerman, Herbert P. Zimmerman, Louis W. Zinke, Otto A. Zitzewitz, Mrs. Elmer K. Zork, David Zurcher, Mrs. Suzette M. Poole, Mrs. Marie R. Pyterek, Rev. Peter H. Rassweiler, August Razim, A. J. Reed, Mrs. Frank D. Romer, Miss Dagmar E. Roth, Aaron Rupprecht, Mrs. Edgar P. Schwarz, Herbert E. Seeberger, Miss Dora A. Sello, George W. Shanesy, Ralph D. Short, J. R. Smith, Clinton F. Spooner, Charles W. Stewart, Miss Mercedes Graeme Stone, Mrs. Jacob S. Theobald, Dr. John J. Wallovick, J. H. NON'RESIDENT ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those, residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, who have contributed $50 to the Museum Baum, Mrs. James Bradley, Mrs. Oma M. Brigham, Miss Lucy M. Carlson, Elmer G. Droste, Albert C. Hagerty, Kenneth A. Lindboe, S. R. Meevers, Harvey Mitchell, W. A. Niederhauser, Homer Phillips, Montagu Austin Porter, Dr. Eliot F. Stevens, Edmund W. Trott, James Edwards Whipple, Miss Velma D. 125 SUSTAINING MEMBERS Those who contribute $25 annually to the Museum Ashe, Clayton Austin, Edwin C. Baldwin, Rosecfans Berwanger, Jay Bliss, Vincent R. Cathcart, Silas S. Dry, Meyer Duclos, George A. Farley, Preston Guilbault, Joseph E. Hume, Patrick H. Hunt, Jarvis Jacobson, A. J. Jonswold, C. R. Kaiser, Dr. George D. Kraus, William C. Lewellen, John B. Matthews, Stewart B. Minas, Karl K. Morgan, John Alden Ott, John Nash, Jr. DECEASED, 1955 Lay, Mrs. Edward P. Plunkett, Paul M. Prall, Bert R. Price, Mark Ross, Earl Sheridan, Jay Sorensen, T. R. Uihlein, Edgar J., Jr. Van Koert, Lewis I. Winslow, Seth L. ANNUAL MEMBERS Those who contribute $10 annually to the Museum Abbell, Joseph J. Abbott, Mrs. Howard C. Abel, Miles L. Abeles, Alfred T. Ackermann, Kurt J. Adams, Mrs. Anne Adams, Mrs. Carleton B. Adams, Cyrus H. Adams, Cyrus H., Ill Adams, Eaton Adams, Harvey M. Adams, Hugh R., Jr. Adler, David Adsit, Harold C. Aeby, Miss Jacquelyn Ahem, Edwin W. Ahlfeld, William J. Aitken, Gordon Akerhaugen, Alfred Albade, Wells T. Alberding, Charles Howard Albiez, George Alderdyce, D. D. 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Gregory, Dr. Benjamin J. Gregory, James J. Griffin, Mrs. James A., Jr. Griglik, Casimir Grigsby, William A. Grimes, J. Frank Grimm, Richard H. Groble, Edward B. Grohe, Robert F. Grombach, Alfred O. Grosberg, Charles Groves, Mrs. Northa P, Grow, Brimson Gruendel, George H. Gudeman, Edward, Jr. Guernsey, Mrs. Nellie T. Gumbinger, Miss Dora Gumbrell, Gregory Gurley, F. G. Gustus, Dr. Edwin L. Gutgsell, Mrs. Emil J. Guthrie, Mrs. Eleanor Y. Guthrie, S. Ashley Haag, Miss Janet Haake, Frederick J. Hackett, Thad Haddow, William Haedike, Edward J. Hafner, Andre B. Hagenah, William J., Jr. Hagerty, Walter H. Hagey, Harry H., Jr. Hagey, J. F. Hahn, Arthur Hahn, Bernard J. Hajduk, Dr. John M. Hale, Edwin A. Hall, Arthur B. Hall, Miss Eliza P. Hall, Harry Hall, John L. Hall, Marchand B. Hallberg, Parker Franklin Halligan, Robert F. Hallmann, Ernest H. Halvorson, Harold L. Ham, Mrs. Harold Hamill, Dr. Ralph C. Hamill, Mrs. Robert W. Hamilton, Mrs. Gurdon H. Hamilton, Mrs. John Hamm, George A. Hammurabi, F. H. Hampson, Philip Handtmann, G. E. Handy, Ellsworth A. Hanelin, Dr. Henry A. Hanna, John C. Hanna, Ralph A. Hansen, Donald W. Hanson, Mrs. George Hardin, George D. Harding, Carroll Rede Harding, Frank W. Harding, William H. Hardwicke, Harry Hardy, Charles L. Hardy, Julian H. Hardy, Mrs. L. Martin Hargrave, Homer P. Hargreaves, Thomas H. Harig, Herbert Harlow, Miss Johnnie Harman, Dr. Hubert F. Harmon, Foster W. Harper, Philip S. Harrington, George Bates Harrington, John Harris, Miss Audrey C. Harris, Benjamin R. Harris, Herman Harris, Mrs. Mortimer B. Harris, R. Neison Harrison, Dr. R. Wendell Harrison, Rodney D. Harrow, Joseph Hart, Chester C. Hart, E. Edgerton Hart, Eugene G. Hart, Mrs. H. G. Hart, Henry A. Hart, James A. Hartigan, Miss Catherine Hartigan, L. J. Hartman, Mrs. Irvin H. Hartman, Milton C. Hartung, Miss Elizabeth M. Harvey, Bennet B. Harvey, Daggett Harvey, James D. Harwood, Robert I. Harza, Mrs. Leroy F. Hasbrook, Howard F. Hasek, Dr. V. 0. Hasselbacher, H. H. Hassler, Edwin B. Hassmer, Joseph L. Hatfield, John N. Hatfield, W. A. Hattstaedt, Mrs. John J. Haubrich, Harold F. Haugen, Bernhart Hauger, R. H. Hauser, William G. Hausler, Mrs. M. G., Jr. Havelaar, W. C. Haven, T. J., Jr. Hawthorne, Vaughn R. Hay, Lawrence J. Hayes, Daniel T. Haynes, Charles Webster Haynes, Frank M. Haynie, R. G. Hazel, B. F. Hazel, Dr. George R. Healy, Thomas H. Hearst, Joseph Heath, Robert L. Heberling, W. S. Hebenstreit, Dr. K. J. Hecht, Frederick Charles Hecht, Kenneth G. Hecht, Myron A. 132 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Heckel, Edmund P. Hedges, Dr. Robert N. Hedly, Arthur H. Hedrich, Mrs. Otto H. Heerey, Bernard H. Henhke, John Heifetz, Samuel Hein, Leonard W. Heineke, Paul H. Heineman, Ben W. Heinen, Dr. Helen Heinen, Dr. J. Henry, Jr. Helgason, Ami Hemphill, James C. Henderson, B. E. Hendricks, Gerald E. Henke, Frank X., Jr. Henkle, David E. Henkle, H. Douglas Henner, Dr. Robert Henningsen, Jack Henri, W. B. Henriksen, H. M. Herbert, Don Herbert, W. T. Herdina, Jerry Herren, Wilson T. Herring, H. B. Herrschner, Frederick Hertz, J. H. Hertzman, Irving L. Hesse, Dr. Paul G. Hetreed, Dr. Francis W. Heuser, Arthur W. Hibben, Jospeh W. Hickey, Matthew J., Jr. Higgins, Miss Margaret Highstone, Mrs. William H. Hild, Fred C. Hilker, Mrs. Marion Hilkevitch, Dr. A. A. Hilkevitch, Dr. Benjamin H. Hill, Charles W. Hill, Mrs. Cyrus G. Hill, David A. Hill, Dormand S. Hill, Mrs. Ivan Hill, James J. Hill, John W. Hill, Kenneth V. Hill, Rolwood R. Hillier, William H. Hillmer, Miss Louise Hilton, Edward L. Hilton, Henry Mark Hindmarch, Alan Hines, Charles M. Hines, Clarence W. Hingson, George D. Hinkson, Dr. G. Duncan Hinshaw, Joseph H. Hirsch, Edwin W. Hirschfeld, Carl Hirsh, Herbert W. Hirshfield, Dr. Hyman J. Hirtenstein, Robert E. Hitshew, R. M. Hix, Miss Elsie Hixson, Hebron Hjerstedt, Anders E. Hoban, Dr. Eugene T. Hobbs, Charles H. Hobbs, Mrs. J. P. Hobbs, Russell D. Hobscheid, Fred J. Hochberg, Jerome J. Hochberg, Dr. Paul Hochfeldt, William F. Hochschulz, Alfred Hoddinott, B. J. Hodges, F. Robert Hoehler, Fred K. Hoeltgen, Dr. Maurice M. Hoffmann, Clarence Hoffmann, Miss Ruth L. Hogenson, William Hogsten, Mrs. Yngve Hohbaum, Mrs. Rosa M. Hohman, Dr. Ned U. Hokenson, Gustave Hokin, Barney E. Hokin, Edwin E. Hokin, Samuel E. Holabird, William Holcomb, Mrs. R. R. Holderby, Glen W. Holinger, Dr. Paul H. Holland, Arthur M. Holland, Cyrus E. Holland, Jesse J. Holland, Morris Z. Hollander, Jack Hollender, Dr. S. S. Hollins, Gerald HolHs, Dr. Robert H. Holmes, John B. Holmes, John S. Homan, Joseph Hooper, A. F. Hooper, Dr. J. Gerald Hoover, James C. Hopkins, John L. Hopkins, Dr. M. B. Hopper, B. E. Horn, Dr. Bernard Horn, L. H. Hornburg, Arthur C. Home, Miss Helen D. Homer, Dr. Imre E. Horowitz, Charles I. Horton, Mrs. Arthur Horwich, Philip Horwitz, Samuel C. Hoshell, Robert J. Hossack, Arthur L. Houda, Dr. Leonard J. Hough, Charles F. Hough, William J. Houha, Vitus J. Houser, T. V. Houston, J. C, Jr. Howard, Bailey K. Howard, Harvey H. Howard, Hubert E. Howard, Philip L. Howard, Mrs. Ruth B. Howe, William J. Hoy, Pat Hoyt, N. Landon, Jr. Hubachek, Frank Brookes Huber, Andrew V. Huddleston, J. W. Hudson, William J. Huettmann, Fred Hughes, Dr. Charles E. Hughes, Frank W. Huguenor, Lloyd B. Hulson, J. W. Humm, Joseph Humphrey, Mrs. H. D. Humphreys, Mrs. Robert E. Hungerford, Becher W. Hunker, Robert W. Hunnemann, Miss Alma M. Hunt, Mrs. William O. Hunter, J. N. Hurley, G. B. Hurley, Raymond J. Hutchings, John A. Hutchins, John S. Hutchinson, John H. Huth, Frank D. Hyatt, Joseph C. Hyde, Milton E. Hyde, Mrs. Willis O. Hyer, W. G. T. Hynes, D. P. Iker, Charles Indelli, William A. Inger, Jacob Ingersoll, Robert S. Ingersoll, Roy C. Insolia, James V. Into, Mrs. A. Norman Irwin, A. J. Isaacs, Roger D. Isaacs, T. J. Isaacson, Herbert Isacson, Gust W. 133 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Ischinger, Dr. Arthur M. Isett, G. Richard Iversen, Lee Ives, George R. Ives, R. O. Jack, Martin L. Jacker, Norbert S. Jackson, Byrne A. Jackson, Carl W. Jackson, W. H. Jacobs, Nate Jacobs, Walter L. Jacobson, Arent J. Jaech, Miss Lillian K. Jaffe, Harry Jaffe, Julius C. James, Ralph C. Jameson, A. R. Janes, Otto Jarecki, R. A. Javaras, Mrs. Anastasia Javid, Dr. Hushang Jenner, Albert E., Jr. Jenner, Mrs. H. B. Jennings, H. E. Jennings, Mrs. James W. Jennings, Ralph C. Jensen, George P. Jensen, James A. Jessen, Dr. George N. Jewell, S. L. Jiede, Edward Job, Dr. Thesle T. John, Rex K., Jr. Johnson, Bert Johnson, Miss Donna Lee Johnson, Earl Johnson, Edmund G. Johnson, Edward F. Johnson, Harry G. Johnson, Herbert M. Johnson, Hjalmar W. Johnson, Miss Millie C. Johnson, N. Howard Johnson, Nye Johnson, R. C. Johnson, Ray Prescott Johnston, A. J. Johnston, Hulburd Johnstone, E. F., Jr. Johnstone, G. Arthur Johnstone, Norman H. Jolls, Thomas H. Jones, Dr. Fiske Jones, George R. Jones, George W. Jones, Owen Barton Jones, Mrs. Walter Clyde Jordan, C. R. Jordan, Castle W. Jordan, Dr. John W. Joseph, Dr. Paul Jostock, H. J. Joy, Mrs. Estelle Juckniess, R. A. Judd, William E. Juley, John Julian, Dr. Ormand C. Jung, C. C. Juzwick, E. A. Kadin, Dr. Milton M. Kahler, William V. Kahn, Mortimer I., Jr. Kahoun, John A. Kaiser, Miss Minnie B. Kaiser, Robert Kalwajtys, R. S. Kamin, William C. Kaminski, Dr. M. V. Kamm, Dr. Bernard A. Kane, Daniel Francis Kane, George H. Kane, Mrs. Marion O. Kanelos, Frank S. Kanter, Dr. Aaron E. Kaplan, Harvey Kaplan, Samuel Kapov, John J. Kappler, Richard B. Karklin, Richard E. Karlin, Daniel Karlin, Irving M. Karlin, Leo S. Kasbohm, Leonard H. Kass, Joseph J. Katz, Meyer Katz, William Kaufman, Mrs. Frances J. Kavanaugh, Miss Julia Keane, George M. Keare, Mrs. Spencer R. Kearns, Mrs. Jerry J. Keating, Thomas J. Keeley, Robert E. Keene, William J. Keeney, Frank P. Keeshin, J. L. Keeton, Dr. Robert W. Kegel, Mrs. Ruth Keim, Melville Keister, G. E. Keith, Elbridge Keller, Harry F. Keller, M. J. Keller, Paul J. Keller, Ralph Kelley, Alfred J. Kellogg, Harry E. Kellogg, James G. Kellogg, John Payne Kelly, Charles Scott Kelly, Clyde Kelly, Dr. Frank B. Kelly, Frank S. Kelly, T. L. Kelly, Mrs. T. L. Kemp, Miss Ola Kendall, Claude Kendall, G. R. Kennedy, J. G. Kennedy, J. H. Kennedy, R. J. Kennedy, Taylor L. Kenny, Henry Kent, Edward C. Kenyon, Dr. A. T. Kerner, Otto Kerr, Leslie H. Kerr, William D. Kesses, Rev. Niketas Kessler, Dr. Michael C. Ketting, Howard B. Kid well, James E. Kilberry. F. H. Kiley, Francis T. Kimball, Charles H. G. Kimball, Kenneth J. Kimball, Paul G. Kincaid, Dr. Clement J. Kincheloe, Samuel C. Kindahl, John O. King, Dr. A. Charles King, Mrs. Calvin P. King, H. R. King, John D. King, Miss Louise A. King, Lynwood B., Jr. King, Robert H. King, Willard L. King, William H., Jr. Kingham, J. J. Kipnis, Daniel D. Kipnis, Samuel W. Kirby, Dr. William Kirchheimer, Thomas Kirkland, William S. Kittle, Mrs. C. M. Klapman, Philip A. Klein, Dr. David Klein, Dr. Ernest L. Klein, William P. Klemperer, Leo A. Klikun, Z. P. Kline, Allan B. Kling, Leopold Kneip, Elmer W. Knell, Boyd Knight, Dr. Alva A. Knight, Howard Knight, John S. Knourek, William M. Knowlson, J. S. 134 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Knuepfer, C. A. Knutson, A. C. Koch, Carl Koenig, O. N. Kohn, Edward Kohn, Henry L. Kohn, Louis Kolbe, Frank F. Kolehmainen, Waino M. Kolflat, Alf Kollar, Dr. John A., Jr. Kolter, Dr. B. C. Koretz, Edgar E. Koretz, Robert J. Korf, Dr. Stanley R. Korshak, Marshall Kos, Victor A. Kosmach, Frank P. Kostrzewski, Dr. M. J. Kot, Henry C. Kotas, Rudolph J. Kovalick, W. W. Kozlik, Frank B. Krafft, Walter A. Krag, Franz K. Kramer, Dr. George M. Kramer, Harry G., Jr. Krane, Leonard J. Kratsch, Charles Krause, Elmer Krause, Miss Pearl Krause, Walter C. Krebs, Walter O. Krehl, Rico B. Kresge, M. L. Krimsin, Leonard Krinsley, Lazarus Kristof, James H. Krtichevsky, Jerome Kritzer, Dr. Henry E. Kritz9r, Richard W. Kroch, Carl A. Kroeschell, Robert A. Kroeschell, Mrs. Roy Kroll, Harry Kruggel, Arthur Krumdieck, Leo Krupnick, Samson Krzeminski, Stanley J. Kuchar, Mrs. Marie Kuehn, Miss Katherine Kuhn, Mrs. Joseph Kuhnen, C. W. Kuhnen, Mrs. George H. Kuhns, Mrs. H. B. Kulikowski, A. H. KuUman, F. H., Jr. Kurtz, George H. Kurtz, Mrs. Seymour J. Kurtz, William O., Jr. Kutchins, Edmund Lachman, Harold Lagerholm, Ferdinand W. Laidley, Roy R. Laird, Miss Jane Laird, Robert S. Lamb, George N. Lambe, Claude M., Jr. Lamberton, R. H. Lambertsen, John G. Landau, S. J. Lane, George A. Lang, Eugene C. Lang, Gordon Langan, Harley B. Lange, Hugo C. Langford, Joseph P. Lansman, H. A. Large, Judson Larkin, J. D. Larkin, Mrs. Walter D. Larsen, Roy R. Larson, Leslie S. Larson, Simon P. La Salle, Miss Janet A. Lasch, Charles F. Lasch, Harry Lash, Dr. A. F. Laterza, Michael F. Latham, Paul L. Lathrop, Dr. Clarence A. Latta, Dr. Philip R. Latta, William B. Lau, Mrs. M. K. Laud, Sam Lavedan, Pierre F. Lavezzorio, John M. Law, M. A. Lawton, Robert M. Layfer, Seymour J. Lazar, Charles Leahy, George J. Leahy, William H. Leander. Russell J. Leavitt, Mrs. Louis Leavitt, Mrs. Nathan Lechler, E. Fred Ledbetter, James L. Lederer, Irving G. Lee, Miss Alice Stephana Lee, Edward N. Lee, John H. Lee, Joseph R. Lee, Dr. Robert E. Leeb, Mrs. H. A. Leeds, David L. Leffler, F. O. Le Goff, Montgomery Lehman, John L. Lehman, Lloyd W. Lehr, Arthur Leigh, Kenneth G. Leighton, Alexander Leighton, George N. Leindecker, Charles L. Leiner, John G. Leith, John A. Leland, Samuel Lello, Herbert F. Lensing, Edward C, Jr. Lentine, James Lerner, Al Lesch, Mrs. Isabel Catharine Leslie, Orren S. Levering, J. E. Levin, Bernard W. Levin, Louis Levin, Robert E. Levine, Bernard M. Levine, William Levine, William D. Levitan, Moses Levitt, Dr. Judith U. Lewendowski, Sigmund W. Lewis, Edward J. Lewis, Mrs. J. J. liCwis, Mrs. Walker O. Lickfield, Rev. F. W. Lieb, Warren H. Liebenow, J. Gus Lieber, Maury Lietz, T. W. Lifvendahl, Dr. Richard A. Lilien, Mrs. K. K. Liljedahl, Miss Edna V. Lill, George, II Limarzi, Dr. Louis R. Lindberg, Donald F. Lindell Arthur G. Lindeman, John H. Lindley, Walter C, Jr. Lindsay, Mrs. Martin Linn, Howard Linthicum, J. Francis Lippincott, R. R. Lippman, Mrs. William Lipsey, Howard Lipshutz, Joseph List, Stuart Listen, Thomas P. Liszka, Stanley J. Litschgi, Dr. J. J. Litten, Chapin Littig, H. L. Little, Wilson V. Littman, Benson Lizzardo, Joseph F. Llewellyn, Karl N. Lloyd, Miss Georgia Lloyd, William Bross, Jr. Lock, Gilbert L. 135 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Locke, Edwin A., Jr. Lockwood, Maurice H. Lockwood, Mrs. Maurice H. Loeb, Herbert A., Jr. Loebe, Edward E. Loebl, Jerrold Loehde, Mrs. William Loewenstein, Mrs. Sidney, Logelin, Edward C. Long, H. Dale Long, R. E. Lonnes, Leon Lonnon, Raymond G. Loomis, Miss Marie Looney, Charles C. Loosli, Dr. Clayton G. Lorber, Herbert J. Lorentz, Arthur G. Loughead, Miss Ruth Loundy, Mrs. Mason A. Loung, George, Jr. Love, H. Norris Love, Harold Love, Dr. J. S., Jr. Love, John T. Lovejoy, Mrs. Winfred L. Loventhal, William G. Loverde, Dr. Albert A. Low, Mrs. Josiah O. Lowden, James E. Lowe, Edmund W. Lowe, Walter L. Lowy, Walter H. Lozins, Bert Lubking, Mrs. John P. Ludlow, Mrs. Frederick Orr Ludolph, Arthur L. Luftig, Victor M. Lundy, Dr. Clayton J. Lundy, Francis L. Luotto, Stefano Lurie, George S. Lurie, Max Lurie, S. C. Luse, Mrs. D. Claude Lydon, Eugene K. Lynch, M. F. Lynch, V. Reges Lynch, William J., Jr. Lynch, Miss Zoe D. Lynn, Mrs. Robert H. Lyon, Mrs. Jeneva A. Lyon, Dr. Samuel S. MacChesney, Chester M. MacCowan, Hervey L. MacDonald, H. E. MacFarland, Hays Macfarland, Lanning Macholz, Rev. Ignatius Mack, John J. Mackaye, M. R. MacKenzie, William J. Macki, Gunnar C. MacKiewich, Justin Mackler, Dr. S. Allen MacLean, Mrs. John A., Jr. MacNamee, Merrill W. Macomb, J. DeNavarre Madden, John Maddock, Thomas E. Maddock, Mrs. Walter G. Magee, M. L. Magid, Cecil E. Magill, Miss Hallie Magnuson, Paul B., Jr. Maher, Dr. David Bremner Maher, James P. Mahler, L H. Maison, Mrs. L. G. Majka, F. L. Major, Frank A. Major, Ross O. Malato, Stephen A. Malcolmson, R. F. Malina, Marshall Mall, Arthur W. Mallegg, O. O. Mandel, Sidney W. Mangier, Fred J. Mannette, Mrs. Russell L. Manning, Mrs. Herbert S. Manning, Dr. Paul D. V. Manning, Mrs. Paul D. V. Mannion, John F. Mara, Walter T. Marchant, Miss Lilian Marcus, Abel Mardorf, Miss Mae F. Margeson, Mrs. James P., Jr. Marker, Van E. Markham, Mrs. Herbert I. Markman, Simeon K. Marks, Frank O. Marks, Ira G. Markus, Alfred S. Marley, John L. Marling, Mrs. Franklin, Jr. Marlowe, Dr. John J. Marovitz, Sydney R. Marquardt, Dr. Gilbert H. Marquart, Arthur A. Marron, Dr. James W. Marsh, E. S. Marshall, Benjamin H. Marshall, Charles A. Marsteller, William A. Martin, Alvah T. Martin, Cecil Martin, Charles V. Martin, Eldon Martins, P. A. Marx, Samuel A. Mashek, V. F., Jr. Mason, Charles M. Mason, Harvey R. Mason, J. A. Mast, Leland J. Masur, Dr. Walter W. Matchett, Hugh M. Mathews, M. M. Mathewson, Lynn L. Mathieu, Auguste Mathis, Allen W. Matson, H. M. Matter, Joseph A. Matthews, Francis E. Matthews, J. H. Matthews, Miss Laura S. Matz, Edward D. Maxon, R. C. Maxwell, Robert E. May, Sol Mayer, Robert B. Maynard, John G. McArthur, A. Peter N. McArthur, Mrs. S. W. McAuliffe, J. D. McBride, W. Paul McCaffrey, J. L. McCall, Dr. I. R. McCallister, James Maurice McCann, Charles J. McCarthy, Mrs. Theris V. McClellan, John H. McCloska, Fred W. McClung, Richard McClurg, Verne O. McConnell, C. F. McConnell, Thomas C. McCormick, Roger McCoy, Charles S. McCoy, E. R. McCracken, John W. McCracken, Kenneth McCreery, C. L. McDermott, William F. McDevitt, Miss A. Bernys McDonald, John M. McDonnell, William H. McDonough, John J. 136 ANNUAL MEMBERS {continued) McDougal, Mrs. Edward D., Jr. McDougal, Robert, Jr. McDougall, Dugald S. McDougall, Mrs. Edward G. McEldowney, C. R. McEwen, C. Logan McGreevey, John A. McGreevey, Robert J. McGrew, Edwin H. McGuineas, William A. McGuire, E. F. McGuire, Martin J. McGuire, Simms D. McKay, Calvin D. McKay, Miss Mabel McKibbin, Mrs. George B. McKinzie, William V. McKittrick, C. E. McKnight, Gordon L. McKy, Keith B. McLaren, Richard W. McLaughlin, L. B. McLaury, Mrs. Walker G. McMahon, Daniel P. McManus, J. L. McNabb, Mrs. J. H. McNair, F. Chaloner McNamara, B. F. McNamara, Donald McC. McNamara, Harley V. McNamara, Robert C. McPheron, Eugene R. McSurely, Mrs. William H. McVey, Dr. Emerson K. Meana, Mrs. Kaye Meers, Henry W. Megan, Graydon Mehan, J. H. Meine, Franklin J. Meiszner, John C. Melcarek, Dr. T. A. Melgaard, B. B. Mellinghausen, Parker Mellody, Mrs. Andrew R. Mellody, Miss Margaret Mellum, Horace J. Melville, Mrs. R. S. Mendizabal, Dr. Francisco Mentzer, John P. Menzner, Mrs. Howard B. Mercer, C. W. Mercer, John F. Merker, George Merrick, Richard L. Merricks, Mrs. James W. Merritt, Thomas W. Mervis, David C. Mesenbrink, Paul H. Metcoff, Eli Mettenet, Francis X. Metz, Carl A. Meyer, Albert F. Meyer, Mrs. Clara K. Meyer, Dr. Karl A. Meyer, Stanton M. Meyer, Wallace Michaels, Allen C. Michaels, F. W. Michalko, Edward Michels, Mrs. George W. Middleton, J. A. Milbrook, A. T. Millard, A. E. Millard, Mrs. E. L. Miller, Arden E. Miller, Bernard Miller, Dr. C. 0. Miller, C. R. Miller, Dr. Cecelia E. Miller, Chester M. Miller, Creighton S. Miller, Earl A. Miller, F. L. Miller, Mrs. Grace Edwards Miller, Mrs. Harvey O. Miller, John W. Miller, Leo A. Miller, Lloyd D. Miller, M. Glen Miller, Norman Miller, R. W. Miller, Robert H. Miller, Wesley C. Miller, William H. Miller, Mrs. William W. Milliken, John F. Mills, Walter B. Minkler, Ralph R. Mizen, Dr. Michael R. Moburg, Gerry Mollendorf, J. D. Molter, Harold M onsen, Myron T. Montgomery, A. E. Montgomery, P. B. Montgomery, S. A. Mont Pas, W. F. Mooney, Russell E. Mooney, Walter A. Moore, Donald F. Moore, Edward F. Moore, Harold A. Moore, Dr. Josiah J. Moore, Kenneth W. Moore, Lucien W. Moore, Oscar L. Moore, R. E. Moore, Mrs. Ruth Moore, W. P. Moorman, Charles L. Mooth, Peter Moran, Dr. Edward L. Moran, Frank W. Moran, J. Alfred Moran, James Morey, Albert A. Morgan, Miss Elizabeth W. Morgan, Fred C. Morgan, Dr. Freda Morgan, G. Walker Morgan, K. P. Morgan, Russell W. Mork, P. R. Morley, Miss Nelle B. Morris, Michael Morris, Milton H. Morris, Sidney L. Moss, Harry Moss, Jerry Mottier, C. H. Moulder, P. V. Moyer, Mrs. David G. Moyers, Mrs. George W. Muckley, Robert L. Mudd, Mrs. J. A., Jr. Mueller, Mrs. Florian F. Muench, Hans Mugg, Charles L. Mulcahy , Mrs. Michael F. Muldoon, John A., Jr. Mullaney, Roger Mullen, J. Bernard Mullen, Dr. Joseph J. Mullenix, Robert W. Mullery, Donald C. Munnecke, Robert C. Munnecke, Mrs. Wilbur C. Munroe, Roy B.' Munson, Lyle W. Murphy, Charles F. Murphy, Edward F. Murphy, J. P. Murphy, Michael P. Murray, Edwin A. Murray, William M. Musick, Philip Lee Muzzy, H. Earle Myer, Dr. Ernest Nachman, H. S. Nafziger, R. L. Nahmens, Paul M. Narowetz, Louis L. 137 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Naser, Charles F. Nash, Gordon B. Nash, R. D. Nath, Bernard Nathan, Joseph Nathan, Kenneth S. Nathan, Leonard Nathanson, Don Paul Natkin, Sidney J. Naylor, William F., Jr. Naven, Benjamin S. Neely, Albert E. Neff, Ward A. Neilson, Madison P. Nelson, C. E. Nell, Edward J. Nelson, Charles M. Nelson, Mrs. Edwin W. Nelson, Mrs. Henri E. Nemeroff, Maurice Nemeyer, S. Lloyd Nesbitt, Fred H. Neskow, Dr. Peter S. Y. Ness, J. Stanley Newberger, Arnold Newcomer, Mrs. Paul Newman, Charles H. Newman, Mrs. Jacob Newman, Ralph G. Newton, C. G. Newton, Dr. Roy C. Niblick, James F. Nice, Dr. Leonard B. Nicholson, Dr. F. M. Nickel, Walter J. Nickell, H. K. Nielsen, George Nielsen, Marc T. Nietschmann, Walter Nikopoulos, George A. Nilles, B. P. Nilsson, Adolf Nilsson, Erik Nisen, Charles M. Nixon, Charles A. Noble, Daniel E. Noble, Guy L. Norberg, Stanley R. Nord, Henry J. Nordberg, C. A. Norell, Elmer G. Norem, Mrs. Lawrence E. Norian, Richard Norman, Gustave Norris, Mrs. James Norris, Ross A. North, Mrs. F. S. North, Harold F. Northrup, Lorry R. Norton, Charles E. Norton, Michael J. Nowlan, Charles J. Nugent, Dr. Oscar B. Nutting, Harold J. Nygren, Henry C. Gates, James F., Jr. Oberf elder, Joseph H. Oberhelman, Dr. Harry A. Oberlander, Dr. Andrew J. O'Boyle, C. Robert O'Brien, Donald J. O'Brien, Martin T. O'Brien, Vincent O'Brien, William L. Ochsner, Dr. Edward H. O'Connor, John B. O'Connor, John J. O'Connor, Thomas S. O'Hair, R. C. O'Haire, Harry J. O'Hara, Arthur J. O'Keefe, John F. O'Leary, Miss Geraldine Olin, Edward L. Oliver, Dr. Marguerite Ollendorff, Klaus Olmsted, C. H. Olsen, Canute R. Olsen, Clarence Olson, Albert M. Olson, Benjamin Franklin Olson, H. Edsall O'Malley, Patrick L. O'Neill, Dr. Eugene J. O'Neill, J. Vincent Opie, Earle F. Oppenheimer, Seymour Greek, Robert P. Orlikoff, Richard O'Rourke, Mrs. Harry J. O'Rourke, William F., Jr. Orr, Hunter K. Orschel, A. K. Orstrom, Albert Z. Osanai, Mrs. Mary M. Osborne, John S. Orborne, Nathan G. Osborne, W. Irving, Jr. Osgood, Mrs. Gilbert H. OssendorfT, Dr. K. W. O'Toole, Donald O'Toole, John J. Otto, Dr. George H. Ovenu, Dr. Harold Overton, George W., Jr. Owen, John E. Owen, Mrs. Ralph W. Owen, S. C. Pace, Anderson Pacer, T. S. Padour, Dr. Frank J. Palais, Gordon K. Pallasch, Paul V. Papierniak, Dr. Frank B. Parker, Austin Hadley Parker, E. A. Parker, Miss Edith P. Parker, Lee N. Parry, Mrs. Margaret Paschal, John William Paschen, Herbert C. Pasco, Frank J. Patrick, Harry H. Patterson, Stewart Patterson, Thomas A. Patterson, W. A. Pattis, S. William Patton, A. E. Patton, Ralph E. Paul, L. O. Pauley, Clarence O. Paulus, Mrs. Max G. Payes, William J., Jr. Payne, Harold N. Payson, Randolph Peacock, Charles D., Ill Peake, F. R. Pearce, Charles S. Peck, Miss Constance L. Peck, Nelson C. Peck, Stewart T. Peckler, Dr. David A. Pederson, Alfred S. Pelz, William W. Pendexter, J. F. Penner, Louis L. Penner, Samuel Pennigsdorf, Lutz Pepich, Stephen T. Pergo, Nicholas Perkins, Dr. George L. Perkins, L. B. Perlman, Alfred H. Perlman, Harold L. Perlman, Raymond L. Perlstein, Mrs. Harris Perreault, Earl E. Perry, Mrs. Joseph Sam Perry, Miss Margaret E. Person, Dr. Allgot G. Peskin, Bernard W. Petacque, Max W. Peterkin, Daniel, Jr. Peters, Dr. Albert G. Peters, Russell L. Petersen, Lawrence A. Petersen, Niels Petersen, William O. Peterson, H. R. Peterson, Harold E. 138 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Peterson, O. C. Peterson, Peter G. Peterson, Walter J. Pettengell, James T. Pettibone, Holman D. Pettinger, Andrew Petty, P. E. Pflager, Charles W. Phelps, Miss Elizabeth Phelps, Norman J. Phelps, William Henry Philipsborn, Herbert F. Philipsborn, M. M., Jr. Phillips, Miss Irna Pick, O. M. Piers, Dr. Gerhart Pike, Dr. Wayne S. Pikiel, Mrs. A. J. Pillsbury, Mrs. Charles S. Pilot, Dr. I. ■pinsof, Philip Piper, C. A. Pirie, Mrs. Gordon L. Pirofalo, James C. Pitts, Henry L. Piatt, Henry R., Jr. Piatt, Sherwood K. Pletz, S. R. Plotnick, Dr. I. Robert Plummer, Daniel C, Jr. Plunkett, Paul M. Podbielniak, Mrs. W. J. Podesta, Robert A. Poe, Miss Frances Poggenpohl, Andrew Pohl, Dr. Carl M. Pollard, Willard L. Pollock, Mrs. Lewis J. Polyak, Mrs. Stephen Pond, Mrs. Harold M. Pontius, Mrs. G. V. Pope, George J. Pope, Mrs. Henry, Jr. Pope, J. W. Porter, L. W. Post, Myron H. Potter, Charles S. Potter, Howard I. Potter, Joseph John Potter, Robert E., Jr. Potter, Dr. Robert Morse Powers, Carl J. Powers, William F. Praeger, Charles H. Pratt, Jacob C, Jr. Preble, Robert C. Preikschat, Raymond W. Press, Robert M. Presson, Gerald Preston, Charles D. Price, Frederick J. Price, Griswold A. Price, J. H. Prince, Kenneth C. Prince, William Wood Prindiville, Frank W. Prindiville, James A. Pringle, Don Prior, Frank O. Pritchard, N. H. Pritikin, Mrs. Sara Z. Pritzker, Mrs. Jack Prosser, Mrs. John A. Pruitt, Raymond S. Puestow, Dr. Charles B. Pulham, Herbert J. Purdy, J. D. Purdy, John P. Purdy, William G. Purvis, Miss Sadie Pushkin, Dr. E. A. Putnam, B. H. Putterman, A. Jerry Puzey, Russell V. Quackenboss, Thomas C. Querl, E. P. Quetsch, L. J. Quin, George Robert Quisenberry, T. E. Raaen, John C. Radack, Mrs. Dorothy W. Rademacher, Miss Marge Radovich, Miss Bessie Randell, A. C. Rank, Emil T. Ranney, George A., Jr. Rappold, Samuel R. Rasmussen, L. M. Rattner, Dr. Herbert Rawleigh, James N. Ray, King Peter Ray, Mrs. WilHam F. Rayner, Lawrence Reace, William T. Read, Freeman C. Ready, Charles H. Rector, William H. Redcliffe, R. L. Redding, George H. Redfield, C. Truman Reed, Ernest H. Reed, Mrs. Frank C. Reed, Guy E. Reed, L. F. B. Reed, Philip G. Rees, Lester G. Reese, Edward H. Reeves, George C. Refakes, A. J. Regensburger, R. W. Regnery, Mrs. Henry Reichert, Dr. John M. Reicin, Frank E. Reid, Alf F. Reiff, Mrs. M. Ann Reilly, G. W. Reilly, George A. Reilly, W. J. Rein, Lester E. Reisch, Mrs. Louis J. Remien, Miss Marie Katherine Render, Miss Forsythe Renn, Mrs. John A. Rentschler, Mrs. William H. Replogle, Dr. Fred A. Reskin, Charles G. Reum, Walter J. Reynolds, James A., Jr. Rice, Dr. Frank E. Rich, George, III Rich, Keith Richards, Longley Richards, Mrs. Oron E. Ridley, Mrs. E. N. Riedeman, H. T. Riggs, E. R. Riggs, Mrs. Joseph A. Riha, Frank J. Riley, Edward C. Riley, John H. Rinaker, Samuel M. Rinder, Dr. Carl O. Rindfleisch, Keith P. Ring, Kenneth C. Ring, Leonard M. Ringa, Dr. Edwin C. Rink, Dr. Arthur G. Rioff, Harry A. Ripley, James J. Ritsos, Nicholas T. Rivera, J. A. Rizner, Homer R. Roach, O. R. Roach, Rollin W. Robandt, Al Robb, Richard P. Robbins, Burr L. Robbins, Laurence B. Roberts, J. K. Robertson, Egbert Roche, Donald M. Roche, John Pierre Roddewig, Clair M. Rodell, Herbert L. Roden, Carl B. Roderick, Mrs. Howard F. Rodger, John H. Rodriguez, Dr. Arthur A. 139 ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Rodwick, Frank P. Roe, Frederick Roefer, Henry A. Rogers, Alfred M. Rogers, Mrs. J. B. Rogers, Lester C. Rogers, Mrs. George P. Rogers, Thomas W. Rohloff, Paul F. Rohn, Mrs. Esther E. Rohr, Dr. F. W. Rold, Dr. Dale Roman, B. F. Romer, Mrs. Arthur C. Ronning, Magnus I. Roos, Edwin J. Rose, Ben Rose, Jack Rose, Orion L. Roseland, J. G. Roseman, Joseph A., Jr. Rosenberg, Ben L. Rosenberg, Mrs. Bernhard Rosenberg, Dr. David H. Rosenfels, Mrs. Irwin S. Rosenthal, M. A. Rosen wald, Mrs. Milly M . Rosier, C. H. Ross, Dr. Chester John Ross, Earl Ross, Dr. Martin T. Rotchford, J. Stuart Rotenberry, Dean Roth, Mrs. Donald I. Rothschild, Edward Rothschild, Mrs. Martin Rowan, Mrs. Paul Rowe, F. B. Rubert, William F. Rubinson, Adolph A. Rudolph, Dr. A. H. Ruehlmann, William R. Ruhl, Robert H. Rumsfeld, Herbert W. Rundin, Walter C, Jr. Runnells, John S. Runzel, William L., Jr. Ruppert, Max K. Rush, Richard B. Ruskin, Mrs. Harry H. Russell, Mrs. Mary H. Russell, W. Hunter Ruth, Miss Thyra J. Rutherford, George L. Rutherford, M. Drexel Ruttenberg, Derald H. Ryser, Frank Saalfeld, Harry H. Sack, Don Sackett, DeForest Sackett, Samuel J. Sackheim, Sol Sadauskas, Miss Frances H. Sadlek, Robert James SafRr, M. A. Sager, Mrs. S. Norman Saldivar, Dr. Ricardo E. Saleson, James S. Salomon, Ira Saltiel, Dr. Thomas P. Sampson, H. R. Sampson, Robert L. Samuels, Albert Samuels, Benjamin Samuels, Harold L. Samuels, Julius Samuels, Richard L. Samuels, S. J. Samuelson, George Sanborn, Mrs. V. C. Sandberg, John V. Sandrok, Edward G. San Filippo, Dr. Paul D. Sang, Bernard G. Sang, Philip D. Sanow, Harry R. Sappanos, Michael Sasser, F. H. Sauerman, John A. Saunders, R. S. Savage, Mrs. Stanley Sawyer, E. D. Sawyer, John H. Sawyier, Calvin P. Sayers, Leon D. Sayre, Dr. Loren D. Scalbom, O. Trumbull Scanlon, Miss Marjorie Scarborough, Mrs. Henry Schaar, B. E. Schaefer, W. A. Schaffer, T. H. Schaflfner, Arthur B. SchafTner, Miss Marion Schelter, Charles H. Scheman, Dr. Louis Schenk, Miss Marion H. Schiff, Max Schiltz, M. A. Schipfer, Dr. L. A. Schlake, Edwin C. Schlatter, Miss Nina E. Schlossberg, Mrs. Harry Schlossman, Norman J. Schmidt, Erich F. Schmidt, George A. Schmidt, Mrs. Siegfried G. Schmitt, Roland G. Schmus, Elmer E. Schneider, Benjamin B. Schneider, Miss Gertrude Schnute, Dr. William J. Schoch, M. G. Schoeneberger, Charles A. Schoettler, F. Girard Schomp, Arthur H. Schooler, Lee Schrade, L. H. Schrader, John P. Schrager, Charles L. Schrey, Dr. Edward L. Schreyer, Carl G. Schroeder, Werner W. Schuck, E. H. Schuetz, Ralph E. Schulien, Charles Schultz, Chester H. Schumaker, L. C. Schureman, Jean L. Schuttler, Mrs. Peter Schutz, Reuben M. Schwartz, Charles F. Schwartz, Joseph H. Schwartz, Leo J. Schwartz, Marc W. Schwartz, Milton H. Schwemm, Earl M. Sciaky, Sam Scofield, Clarence P. Scott, Frederick H. Scott, George A. H. Scott, Mrs. J. Russell Scott, Mrs. Marion R. Scott, Walter B. Scott, William Edouard Scott, Dr. Winfield W. Scrimgeour, Miss Gladys M. Scudder, Mrs. William M. Scully, Charles F. Seaholm, A. T. Sears, Harry M. Seaverns, George A., Jr. Secord, Burton F. Seeley, Robert M. Segal, Myron M. Selfridge, Calvin F. Selig, Lester N. Sell, N. J. Sellers, Paul A. Selz, Frank E. Sembower, John F. Senear, Dr. F. E. Sergant, Gordon E. Sethness, C. H., Jr. Severns, Roger L. Sevic, Mrs. William Sewell, Allen K. Sexton, Thomas G. Sexton, Mrs. Thomas G. 140 ANNUAL MEMBERS (conHnued) Shafer, Frederick C. Shanner, Charles T. Shannon, Charles E. Shannon, Peter M. Shapiro, Henry Sharp. Carl J. Sharpe, Dr. Kenneth P. Shaver, Robert D. Shaw, John I. Shaw, John W. Shaw, Lee C. Sheaff, Dr. Howard M. Shearer, James, II Shedd, Mrs. Charles C. Shedd, Jeffrey Shedden, Mrs. John Sheehan, Thomas J. Sheekman, Harvey Z. Sheldon, Leo C. Shepard, Kenneth E. Shepard, L. L. Shere, Lewis Sherer, Mrs. Albert W. Sheridan, Leo J. Sheridan, Raymond M. Sherman, Robert T. Shetler, Stanley L. Shields, G. A. Shilton, Earle A. Shine, Joseph J. Shipley, M. L. Shlaes, Harry L. Shlopack, Wallace B. Shoemaker, Paul B. Short, William H. Shrader, Frank K. Shriver, Millard D. Shuflitowski, Joseph T. Shylin, Robert E. Sibley, Joseph C, Jr. Siebel, George E. Sieber, Paul E. Sierocinski, E. John Silber, Newton E. Simmon, Dr. Nicholas M. Simmons, George H. Simmons, James R. Simmons, Nicholas L. Simon, Charles H. Simon, George E. Simon, John J. Simonson, Burton E. Sims, Paul K. Sims, William W. Sinaiko, Dr. Edwin S. Singer, William A. Siniarski, T. A. Sinnerud, Dr. 0. P. Sipple, Robert G. Sittler, Dr. W. Walter Sivyer, Warner Sklar, N. Raoul Skudera, Mrs. Marie Slater, Frederick J. Slavik, W. M. Slifka, George C. Sloan, Dr. Jack H. Sloan, Dr. LeRoy H. Sloan, Dr. Noah H. Sloan, William F. Smalley, B. L. Smalley, John H. Smick, Robert W. Smith, Bernard Peacock Smith, Bruce M. Smith. C. D. Smith, Charles L. Smith, Dr. Edward C. Smith, F. Gordon Smith, George P. F. Smith, H. Kellogg Smith, Harold A. Smith, John F., Jr. Smith, Dr. Louis D. Smith, Miss Mary Frances Smith, Robert C. Smith, Mrs. Solomon B. Smolka, Oscar J. Smyth, David B. Snow, Lendol D. Snyder, Bernard Snyder, Bernard A. Snyder, Richard E. Sollitt, Mrs. Ralph T. Sollitt, Sumner S. Somerville, Robert Somerville, Mrs. William Sommer, Albert A. Sommers, Bert Edward Sorrells, E. Courtney Spacek, Leonard P. Spalding, Mrs. Vaughan C, Jr. Spangler, James C. Spanik, Miss Anne Spatta, George Spaulding, J. B. Specht, F. W. Spector, Mrs. Ann Speer, Stanton H. Spencer, William N. Sperry, Oliver R. Spiegel, Miss Katherine J. Spiegel, Dr. Manuel Spiel, Mrs. Robert E. Spitz, Milton J. Spooner, Dr. Bruce A. Spreyer, F. L. Sprtel, Dr. Simon L. Stagman, Dr. Joseph Stagman, Nathan Stahl, Harold A. Stahl, John Stair, H. Bowen Stanbery, J. N. Stang, J. I. Stange, Howard W. Stanley, E. V. Stannard, F. J. Stanton, Edgar, Jr. Stanton, Mrs. Francis R. Stanton, Lyman A. Starr, Harry Starrett, Miss Carolyn J. Starshak, A. L. Stauffacher, E. L. Staunton, E. C. Stavish, Emanuel G. Stebler, W. J. Steding, Richard P. Steele, A. L. Steele, A. Thomas Steele, Mrs. Walter D. Steen, Enoch Steffen, Charles Steigmann, Dr. Frederick Stein, Karl E. Stein, Mrs. Louise K. Steiner, Miss Joanne Steins, Mrs. Halsey Stein wedell, William Stekly, Harold Stenhouse, Miss Bessie C. Stensland, T. N. Stephan, Edmund A. Stephens, Mrs. Arthur I. Stern, Herbert L. Stern, Herbert L., Jr. Sternberg, Edward Steuer, Mrs. Joseph True Steven, Ian Stevens, Mrs. Clement D. Stevens, John Paul Stevenson, Mrs. Borden Stevenson, M. Bradley Stewart, Charles L., Jr. Stewart, George W. Stewart, John Stiegel, S. James Stiggleman, James H. Stiles, J. F., Jr. Stind, C. J. Stine, Francis B. Stiner, Mrs. Norman J. Stitt, Robert B. Stivers, Clifford L. Stix, Lawrence C, Jr. Stoaks, Richard O. Stocker, Frederick B., Jr. Stockton, Joseph D. 141 ANNUAL MEMBERS {continued) Stoddard, Robert M. Stoffels, Edgar O. Stofift, Edmond B. Stoker, Nelson D. Stokesberry, Paul W. Stolz, Leon Stone, Dr. F. Lee Stone, Mrs. E. J. Stone, Herbert Stuart Stone, Mrs. J. S. Storer, E. W. Storey, Smith W. Storkan, Mrs. James Stormont, Dr. D. L. Stout, Frederick E. Stout, Harold H. Stover, Frank C. Straka, Frank B. Strassheim, Fred W. Stratford, Herbert _R. Stratton, Paul Stratton, Robert C. Straus, Mrs. Robert E. Stresenreuter, Mrs. Charles H. Strode, Miss Marie Strohmeier, Dr. Otto E. Stuart, Lyman J. Stuart, William M. Stubenrauch, E. H. Stucker, Dr. Fred J. Stuckslager, Walter N. Stuebner, Edwin A. Stults, Allen P. Stumes, Charles B. Sturtevant, Mrs. Roy E. Sudler, Carroll H., Jr. Sullivan, Eugene T. Sullivan, Frank W. Sulzberger, Mrs. Frank L. Sundt, E. V. Suomela, John P. Sustman, R. S. Suyker, Hector Svensson, Olof Swanson, H. G. Swanson, K. G. Sweet, Mrs. Carroll Sweet, Lisle W. Swett, Israel Swett, Warren C. Swift, T. Philip Swoiskin, Dr. Irving Swonk, Wayne Sykes, Binford H. Sykes, Byron M. Sylvester, Edmund Q. Sylvester, Miss Maria P. Symonds, Merrill Szujewski, Dr. Henry A. Szymanski, Dr. Frederick J. Talbot, Mrs. Eugene S. Tanan, Stanley J. Tannenbaum, Dr. Karl H. Tarnopol, Emil Tarr, Lester W. Tarrson, Albert J. Tatge, Paul W. Tauber, Stewart Taylor, Mrs. A. Thomas Taylor, Fitzhugh Taylor, Orville Taylor, Mrs. Samuel G. Teichen, E. H. Temple, John Templeman, J. P. Templeton, Kenneth S. Temps, Leupold Teninga, Alfred J. Tenney, Henry F. Terker, Sam Terrill, Dean Teter, Park Thacker, Francis Edgar Thatcher, Dr. Harold W. Thiele, George C. Thillens, Melvin Thomas, Mrs. F. Thomas, Miss Martha Thompson, A. M. Thompson, H. Hoyt Thompson, Dr. John R. Thompson, K. I. Thompson, Lang S. Thompson, Dr. W. V. Thorek, Dr. Philip Thoren, Mrs. J. N. Thoresen, H. B. Thorson, Reuben Thrasher, Dr. Irving D. Thullen, Henry M. Tiberius, George Tieken, Theodore Tilden, Merrill W. Tillotson, J. W. Tinsley, Dr. Milton Tippens, Mrs. Albert H. Tipple, F. A. Todd, Mrs. E. L. Tolpin, Dr. Samuel Tonk, Percy A. Tonn, George Toomin, Philip R. Topaz, Martin Topolinski, J. J. TorfiF, Selwyn H. Towle, Joseph W. Trace, Dr. Herbert D. Tracy, George C. Tracy, Dr. Paul C. Tracy, T. J. Tracy, Wheeler Tracy, Wilfred Trager, D. C. Trainor, H. J. Traut, Bernard H. Travelletti, Bruno L. Traver, George W. Travis, Eugene C. Treffeisen, Gustave Tresley, Dr. Ira J. Triggs, Warren Trimarco, Ralph R. Triner, Joseph Troeger, Louis P. Trumbull, William M. Tucker, Albert B. Turner, Dr. Herbert A. Turner, Oliver S. Turney, Newton E. Turney, Russell J. Turow, Dr. David D. Tuteur, Charles Tuteur, Irving M. Tyrrell, Miss Frances Ughetti, John B. Uhlmann, Richard F. Ullmann, S. E. Ullmann, William E. Ultsch, W. Lewis Urbain, Jules, Jr. Urbain, Leon F Urban, Andrew Uretz, Daniel A. Urick, Delbert N. Urnes, Dr. M. P. Ushijima, Mrs. Ruth Vail, Mrs. Daniel M. Vail, Donald P. Vail, J. Dean, Jr. Vale, Mrs. Murray Valentine, Mrs. Joseph L. Van Buskirk, M. G. Vance, Charles C. Vance, S. M. Vanderkloot, Dr. Albert Vander Kloot, Nicholas J. Vander Ploeg, Frank Van Deventer , William E . Van Duzer, John B. Van Dyk, S. A. Van Etten, Floyd G. Van Gerpen, George Van Kampen, A. H. Van Kirk, Mrs. R. D. Van Ness, A. L. Van Ness, C. Radford 142 I ANNUAL MEMBERS (continued) Van Nice, Errett Van Santen, James Van Schaick, Mrs. Ethel R. Varley, John S. Varty, Leo G. Vasalle, Rudolph A. Vaughan, Alan W. Vaughan, Norman Velvel, Charles Velvel, H. R. Verhaag, Dr. Joseph E. Vernon, John T. Vernon, Dr. Leroy N. Ver Nooy, Miss Winifred Vick, Maurice B. Victorine, Vernon E. Vihon, Charles H. Vilsoet, William Voltz, D. H. von Bonin, Dr. Gerhardt Von Gehr, George Von Ohlen, Floyd E. Voris, Dr. Harold C. Voytech, Charles F. Vyse, T. A. E. Wach, Dr. Edward C. Wachter, Frederick J. Wacker, Frederick G., Jr. Wadsworth, Charles Wagner, Mrs. David H. Wagner, John A. Wagner, Richard Wagnum, James N. Wahl, Orlin L Wald, William Waldeck, Herman Waldie, Benjamin D. Waldman, Dr. Albert G. Waldman, S. C. Waldner, Arthur L. Waldo, C. Ives, Jr. Walgren, Lawrence C. Walker, Dr. Alfred 0. Walker, Frank R. Walker, Mrs. G. R. Walker, Mrs. India A. Walker, Reno R. Walker, Wendell Wall, Dr. Frank J. Wallenstein, Sidney Waller, William, Jr. Wallerstein, David B. Wallgren, Eric M. Wallingford, Donald H. Walsh, Donald J. Walters, Gary G. Walthouse, William F. Waltman, C. E. Walz, John W. Wanger, David E., Jr. Warady, Dr. Seymore C. Warde, Frederick A. Wardwell, H. F. Ware, Mrs. Robert R. Ware, Mrs. Thomas M. Ware, Willis C. Warman, Winfield C. Warner, Mason Warner, William H. Warton, Frank R. Washburn, Dr. Kenneth C. Wasson, Mrs. Isabel B. Wasson, Theron Waterman, Mrs. Alex H. Waterstreet, W. Neal Watling, John Watson, D. R. Watson, John A. Watt, Andrew J. Watt, Howard D. Watt, Richard F. Watts, Amos H. Weatherby, George W. Weathers, Everett A. Weaver, John M. Webb, Dr. Edward F. Webber, Harold H. Weber, James E. Weber, Miss Laura M. Webster, Dr. Augusta Webster, Frederick F. Webster, N. C. Weeks, Arthur G. Weeks, Harrison S. Weeks, Kenneth L. Weichselbaum, Dr. Paul K. Weick, George T. Weidert, William C. Weigandt, Sebastian Weigle, Mrs. Maurice Weil, Mrs. Carl H. Weill, Leonard D. Weiner, Aaron B. Weiner, Charles Weinreich, C. F. Weinress, S. J. Weisbrod, Maxfield Weiss, Alexander Weiss, Louis J. Weitman, W. E. Weitzel, Carl J. Welch, William E. Welfeld, Marvin J. Wells, D. P. Wells, Mrs. John E. Wells, Sidney Welsh, Vernon M. Wenholz, Walter W. Wenninger, William C. Werrenrath, Reinald, Jr. Wesby, Vernon L. West, James D. West, Richard H. Westbrook, Charles H. Wetherell, Warren Wetmore, Horace O. Wetten, Walton Weyforth, B. Stuart, Jr. Weymouth, Ralph E. Whalen, William J. Whall, Arthur L. Wheeler, E. Todd Wheeler, Mrs. Seymour Wheeler, W. L. Whipple, Charles J., Jr. Whipple, Gaylord C. Whiston, Frank M. White, George R. White, Marshall White, Mrs. Nelson C. White, Philip M. Whitelock, John B. Whitney, Lafeton Whitsell, Dr. F. M. Whitson, Thomas M. Whittaker, Robert B. Wible, R. R. Wickersham, Mrs. Lucille Wicks, Russell M. Wieland, John Wies, H. M. Wilber, Allen S. Wilby, A. C. Wild, Lydon Wilder, E. P., Jr. Wiles, Bradford Wiles, Mrs. Russell Wilhelm, Dr. Emanuel C. Wilhite, James A. Willard, Nelson W. Willett, Howard L., Jr. Williams, Albert W. Williams, Bennett Williams, Frederick C. Williams, Robert G. Williamson, Mrs. Jack A. Willis, Amos G. Willis, George H. Willis, Ivan L. Willy, Gustave J. Wilmas, W. F. Wilson, Allen B. Wilson, Percival C. Wiltsee, Herbert Windchy, Mrs. Frederick O. Winkenweder, V. O. Winsberg, Herbert H. Winston, Farwell Winston, Sam Winterbotham, John R. 143 ANNUAL MEMBERS {continued) Wirth, J. W. Wiseman, William P. Wlocholl, Arthur Wojnarowsky, Dr. Emilia Wojteczko, Stanley Wolbach, Murray, Jr. Wolf, Albert M. Wolf, C. W. Wolf, Morris E. Wolf, Orrin E. Wolff, Frank C. Wolff, Oscar M. Wood, C. A. Wood, Edwin M. Wood, Harold F. Wood, Kenward T. Wood, Truman Wood, William A. Woods, Dr. A. W. Woodside, John T. Woodson, William T. Woolard, Francis C. WooUett, Mrs. Jean Bachman, E. E. Bucklen, Harley R. Burdick, Charles B. Chesrow, Dr. Albert J. Dallwig, P. G. Emery, De Witt Field, Mrs. James A. Fisher, Nathan Gale, Abram Gilroy, John F. Woolman, John S. Woolpy, Max Worth, Dr. Theodore D. Woulfe, Henry F. Wray, Miss Carolyn R. Wreath, Robert L. Wright, Dr. F. Howell Wright, Miss Margaret J. Wrisley, George A. Wulf, Miss Lydia Wyatt, Harry N. Wybel, L. E. Yarnall, Frank H. Yates, Gar W. Yates, John E. Yates, P. L. Yates, T. L. Yavitz, Sidney M. Yehnert, Wallace E. Yellin, Morris Yeoman, George W. Yesnick, Dr. Louis Yohe, C. Lloyd DECEASED, 1955 Glattfeld, Professor John W. E. Gonnerman, Mrs. Allan W. Grace, Donald F. Greiner, Otto Hines, Dr. Laurence E. Hurley, Stephen E. Ingalls, Mrs. Frederick A. Johnson, A. William Lange, A. G. Yonkers, Edward H. Young, C. S. Young, Dr. Donald R. Young, J. L. Youngberg, Arthur C. Youngren, W. W. Zadek, Milton Zatz, Sidney R. Zeitlin, Samuel E. Zelinsky, Mrs. S. F. Zeller, Charles B. Zimmer, Harry L. Zimmerman, Austin M. Zimmerman, Carl Zimmerman, E. W. Zimmerman, Dr. Harold W. Zimmerman, Otto H. Zimmerman, Preston Zimmermann, Mrs. P. T. Zitzewitz, Arthur F. Zitzewitz, Mrs. W, R. Maloney, David B. McDevitt, J. Dunlap Milliken, J. H. Polyak, Dr. Stephen Richards, Oron E. Savage, Stanley Sims, Frank S. Speed, Dr. Kellogg Stein, Mrs.^S. Sidney Summers, W. L. Waite, Roy E. Whitmore, Lyle S. 144 Articles of Incorporation STATE OF ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OP STATE William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State To All to Whom These Presents Shall Come, Greeting: Whereas, a Certificate duly signed and acknowledged having been filed in the oflfice of the Secretary of State, on the 16th day of September, a.d. 1893, for the organization of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO, under and in accordance with the provisions of "An Act Concerning Corporations," approved April 18, 1872, and in force July 1, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof, a copy of which certificate is hereto attached. Now, therefore, I, William H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of State of the State of Illinois, by virtue of the powers and duties vested in me by law, do hereby certify that the said COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO is a legally organized Corporation under the laws of this State. In Testimony Whereof, I hereto set my hand and cause to be affixed the Great Seal of State. Done at the City of Springfield, this 16th day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-three, and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred and eighteenth. W. H. HINRICHSEN, [Seal] Secretary of State. TO HON. WILLIAM H. HINRICHSEN, Secretary of State: Sir: We, the undersigned citizens of the United States, propose to form a cor- poration under an act of the General Assembly of the State of IlHnois, entitled "An Act Concerning Corporations," approved April 18, 1872, and all acts amenda- tory thereof; and that for the purposes of such organization we hereby state as follows, to-wit: 1. The name of such corporation is the "COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICAGO." 2. The object for which it is formed is for the accumulation and dissemi- nation of knowledge, and the preservation and exhibition of objects illustrating Art, Archaeology, Science and History. 3. The management of the aforesaid museum shall be vested in a Board of Fifteen (15) Trustees, five of whom are to be elected every year. 4. The following named persons are hereby selected as the Trustees for the first year of its corporate existence: Edward E. Ayer, Charles B. Farwell, George E. Adams, George R. Davis, Charles L. Hutchinson, Daniel H. Burnham, John A. Roche, M. C. Bullock, Emil G. Hirsch, James W. Ellsworth, Allison V. Armour, O. F. Aldis, Edwin Walker, John C. Black and Frank W. Gunsaulus. 5. The location of the Museum is in the City of Chicago, County of Cook, and State of Illinois. (Signed) George E. Adams, C. B. Farwell, Sidney C. Eastman, F. W. Putnam, Robert McCurdy, Andrew Peterson, L. J. Gage, Charles L. Hutchinson, Ebenezer 145 Buckingham, Andrew McNally, Edward E. Ayer, John M. Clark, Herman H. Kohlsaat, George Schneider, Henry H. Getty, William R. Harper, Franklin H. Head, E. G. Keith, J. Irving Pearce, Azel F. Hatch, Henry Wade Rogers, Thomas B. Bryan, L. Z. Leiter, A. C. Bartlett, A. A. Sprague, A. C. McClurg, James W. Scott, Geo. F. Bissell, John R. Walsh, Chas. Fitzsimmons, John A. Roche, E. B. McCagg, Owen F. Aldis, Ferdinand W. Peck, James H. Dole, Joseph Stockton, Edward B. Butler, John McConnell, R. A. Waller, H. C. Chatfield-Taylor, A. Crawford, Wm. Sooy Smith, P. S. Peterson, John C. Black, Jno. J. Mitchell, C. F. Gunther, George R. Davis, Stephen A. Forbes, Robert W. Patterson, Jr., M. C. Bullock, Edwin Walker, George M. Pullman, William E. Curtis, James W. Ellsworth, William E. Hale, Wm. T. Baker, Martin A. Ryerson, Huntington W. Jackson, N. B. Ream, Norman Williams, Mehnlle E. Stone, Bryan Lathrop, Eliphalet W. Blatchford, Philip D. Armour. State of Illinois ^ > ss. Cook County } I, G. R. Mitchell, a Notary Public in and for said County, do hereby certify that the foregoing petitioners personally appeared before me and acknowl- edged severally that they signed the foregoing petition as their free and voluntary act for the uses and purposes therein set forth. Given under my hand and notarial seal this 14th day of September, 1893. G. R. MITCHELL, [Seal] Notary Pubuc, Cook County, III. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1 Piorsuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 25th day of June, 1894, the name of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was filed June 26, 1894, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 8th day of November, 1905, the name of the FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. A certificate to this effect was filed November 10, 1905, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 3 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 10th day of May, 1920, the management of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY shall be invested in a Board of Twenty-one (21) Trustees, who shall be elected in such manner and for such time and term of office as may be provided for by the By-Laws. A certificate to this effect was filed May 21, 1920, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 1 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held the 15th day of November, 1943, the name of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY was changed to CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was filed November 23, 1943, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. 146 Amended By-Laws DECEMBER. 1945 ARTICLE I MEMBERS Section 1. Members shall be of twelve classes, Corporate Members, Hon- orary Members, Patrons, Corresponding Members, Benefactors, Contributors, Life Members, Non-Resident Life Members, Associate Members, Non-Resident Associate Members, Sustaining Members, and Annual Members. Section 2. The Corporate Members shall consist of the persons named in the articles of incorporation, and of such other persons as shall be chosen from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, upon the recom- mendation of the Executive Committee; provided, that such person named in the articles of incorporation shall, within ninety days from the adoption of these By-Laws, and persons hereafter chosen as Corporate Members shall, within ninety days of their election, pay into the treasury the sum of Twenty Dollars ($20.00) or more. Corporate Members becoming Life Members, Patrons or Honorary Members shall be exempt from dues. Annual meetings of said Corporate Members shall be held at the same place and on the same day that the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees is held. Section 3. Honorary Members shall be chosen by the Board from among persons who have rendered eminent service to science, and only upon unanimous nomination of the Executive Committee. They shall be exempt from all dues. Section 4. Patrons shall be chosen by the Board upon recommendation of the Executive Committee from among persons who have rendered eminent ser- vice to the Museum. They shall be exempt from all dues, and, by virtue of their election as Patrons, shall also be Corporate Members. Section 5. Any person contributing or devising the sum of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00) in cash, or securities, or property to the funds of the Museum, may be elected a Benefactor of the Museum. Section 6. Corresponding Members shall be chosen by the Board from among scientists or patrons of science residing in foreign countries, who render important service to the Museum. They shall be elected by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings. They shall be exempt from all dues and shall enjoy all courtesies of the Museum. Section 7. Any person contributing to the Museum One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00) or more in cash, securities, or material, may be elected a Contributor of the Museum. Contributors shall be exempt from all dues and shall enjoy all courtesies of the Museum. Section 8. Any person paying into the treasury the sum of Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Life Member. Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to mem- bers of the Board of Trustees. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Life Member. Non-Resident Life Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to members of the Board of Trustees. Section 9. Any person paying into the treasury of the Museum the sum of One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time, shall, upon the vote of the Board, 147 become an Associate Member. Associate Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall be entitled to tickets admitting Member and members of family, includ- ing non-resident home guests; all publications of the Museum issued during the period of their membership, if so desired; reserved seats for all lectures and enter- tainments under the auspices of the Museum, provided reservation is requested in advance; and admission of holder of membership and accompanying party to all special exhibits and Museum functions day or evening. Any person residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of Fifty Dollars ($50.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, become a Non-Resident Associate Member. Non-Resident Associate Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to Associate Members. Section 10. Sustaining Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of Twenty-five Dollars ($25.00), payable within thirty days after notice of election and within thirty days after each recurring annual date. This Sustaining Membership entitles the Member to free admission for the Mem- ber and family to the Museum on any day, the Annual Report and such other Museum documents or publications issued during the period of their membership as may be requested in writing. When a Sustaining Member has paid the annual fee of $25.00 for six years, such Member shall be entitled to become an Associate Member. Section 11. Annual Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of Ten Dollars ($10.00), payable within thirty days after each recurring annual date. An Annual Membership shall entitle the Member to a card of admission for the Member and family during all hours when the Museum is open to the public, and free admission for the Member and family to all Museum lectures and entertainments. This membership will also entitle the holder to the courtesies of the membership privileges of every museum of note in the United States and Canada, so long as the existing system of co-operative interchange of membership tickets shall be maintained, including tickets for any lectures given under the auspices of any of the museums during a visit to the cities in which the co-operative museums are located. Section 12. All membership fees, excepting Sustaining and Annual, shall hereafter be applied to a permanent Membership Endowment Fund, the interest only of which shall be applied for the use of the Museum as the Board of Trustees may order. ARTICLE II board of trustees Section 1. The Board of Trustees shall consist of twenty-one members. The respective members of the Board now in office, and those who shall here- after be elected, shall hold office during life. Vacancies occurring in the Board shall be filled at a regular meeting of the Board, upon the nomination of the Executive Committee made at a preceding regular meeting of the Board, by a majority vote of the members of the Board present. Section 2. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held on the third Mon- day of the month. Special meetings may be called at any time by the President, and shall be called by the Secretary upon the written request of three Trustees. Five Trustees shall constitute a quorum, except for the election of officers or the adoption of the Annual Budget, when seven Trustees shall be required, but meet- ings may be adjourned by any less number from day to day, or to a day fixed, previous to the next regular meeting. Section 3. Reasonable written notice, designating the time and place of holding meetings, shall be given by the Secretary. ARTICLE III honorary trustees Section 1. As a mark of respect, and in appreciation of services performed for the Institution, any Trustee who by reason of inability, on account of change 148 of residence, or for other cause or from indisposition to serve longer in such capa- city shall resign his place upon the Board, may be elected, by a majority of those present at any regular meeting of the Board, an Honorary Trustee for life. Such Honorary Trustee will receive notice of all meetings of the Board of Trustees, whether regular or special, and will be expected to be present at all such meetings and participate in the deliberations thereof, but an Honorary Trustee shall not have the right to vote. ARTICLE IV OFFICERS Section 1. The officers shall be a President, a First Vice-President, a Second Vice-President, a Third Vice-President, a Secretary, an Assistant Secretary and a Treasurer. They shall be chosen by ballot by the Board of Trustees, a majority of those present and voting being necessary to elect. The President, the First Vice-President, the Second Vice-President, and the Third Vice-President shall be chosen from among the members of the Board of Trustees. The meeting for the election of officers shall be held on the third Monday of January of each year, and shall be called the Annual Meeting. Section 2. The officers shall hold office for one year, or until their suc- cessors are elected and qualified, but any officer may be removed at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the Board. Vacancies in any office may be filled by the Board at any meeting. Sex^tion 3. The officers shall perform such duties as ordinarily appertain to their respective offices, and such as shall be prescribed by the By-Laws, or designated from time to time by the Board of Trustees. ARTICLE V the treasurer Section 1. The Treasurer shall be custodian of the funds of the Corpora- tion, except as hereinafter provided. He shall make disbursements only upon warrants, signed by such officer, or officers, or other persons as the Board of Trustees may from time to time designate. Section 2. The securities and muniments of title belonging to the cor- poration shall be placed in the custody of some Trust Company of Chicago to be designated by the Board of Trustees, which Trust Company shall collect the income and principal of said securities as the same become due, and pay same to the Treasurer, except as hereinafter provided. Said Trust Company shall allow access to and deliver any or all securities or muniments of title to the joint order of the following officers, namely: the President or one of the Vice- Presidents, jointly with the Chairman, or one of the Vice-Chairmen, of the Finance Committee of the Museum. The President or any one of the Vice-Presidents, jointly with either the Chairman or any one of the other members of the Finance Committee, are authorized and empowered (a) to sell, assign and transfer as a whole or in part the securities owned by or registered in the name of the Chicago Natural History Museum, and, for that purpose, to endorse certificates in blank or to a named person, appoint one or more attorneys, and execute such other instru- ments as may be necessary, and (b) to cause any securities belonging to this Corpo- ration now, or acquired in the future, to be held or registered in the name or names of a nominee or nominees designated by them. Section 3. The Treasurer shall give bond in such amount, and with such sureties as shall be approved by the Board of Trustees. Section 4. The Harris Trust & Savings Bank of Chicago shall be Cus- todian of "The N. W. Harris PubHc School Extension of the Chicago Natural History Museum" fund. The bank shall make disbursements only upon warrants drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the President, may be countersigned by one of the Vice-Presidents, or any member of the Finance Committee. 149 ARTICLE VI THE DIRECTOR Section 1. The Board of Trustees shall elect a Director of the Museum, who shall remain in office until his successor shall be elected. He shall have im- mediate charge and supervision of the Museum, and shall control the operations of the Institution, subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and its Com- mittees. The Director shall be the official medium of communication between the Board, or its Committees, and the scientific staff and maintenance force. Section 2. There shall be four scientific Departments of the Museum — Anthropology, Botany, Geology, and Zoology — each under the charge of a Chief Curator, subject to the authority of the Director. The Chief Curators shall be appointed by the Board upon the recommendation of the Director, and shall serve during the pleasure of the Board. Subordinate staff officers in the scientific Depart- ments shall be appointed and removed by the Director upon the recommendation of the Chief Curators of the respective Departments. The Director shall have authority to employ and remove all other employees of the Museum. Section 3. The Director shall make report to the Board at each regular meeting, recounting the operations of the Museum for the previous month. At the Annual Meeting, the Director shall make an Annual Report, reviewing the work for the previous year, which Annual Report shall be published in pamphlet form for the information of the Trustees and Members, and for free distribution in such number as the Board may direct. ARTICLE VII the auditor Section 1. The Board shall appoint an Auditor, who shall hold his office during the pleasure of the Board. He shall keep proper books of account, setting forth the financial condition and transactions of the Corporation, and of the Museum, and report thereon at each regular meeting, and at such other times as may be required by the Board. He shall certify to the correctness of all bills rendered for the expenditure of the money of the Corporation. ARTICLE VIII COMMITTEES Section 1. There shall be five Committees, as follows: Finance, Building, Auditing, Pension, and Executive. Section 2. The Finance Committee shall consist of not less than five or more than seven members, the Auditing and Pension Committees shall each consist of three members, and the Building Committee shall consist of five members. All members of these four Committees shall be elected by ballot by the Board at the Annual Meeting, and shall hold office for one year, and until their successors are elected and qualified. In electing the members of these Committees, the Board shall designate the Chairman and Vice-Chairman by the order in which the mem- bers are named in the respective Committee; the first member named shall be Chairman, the second named the Vice-Chairman, and the third named. Second Vice-Chairman, succession to the Chairmanship being in this order in the event of the absence or disability of the Chairman. Section 3. The Executive Committee shall consist of the President of the Board, the Chairman of the Finance Committee, the Chairman of the Building Committee, the Chairman of the Auditing Committee, the Chairman of the Pension Committee, and three other members of the Board to be elected by ballot at the Annual Meeting. Section 4. Four members shall constitute a quorum of the Execuitve Com- mittee, and in all standing Committees two members shall constitute a quorum. In the event that, owing to the absence or inability of members, a quorum of the regularly elected members cannot be present at any meeting of any Com- mittee, then the Chairman thereof, or his successor, as herein provided, may summon any members of the Board of Trustees to act in place of the absentee. 150 Section 5. The Finance Committee shall have supervision of investing the endowment and other funds of the Corporation, and the care of such real estate as may become its property. It shall have authority to make and alter investments from time to time, reporting its actions to the Board of Trustees. The Finance Committee is fully authorized to cause any funds or investments of the Corpora- tion to be made payable to bearer, and it is further authorized to cause real estate of the Corporation, its funds and investments, to be held or registered in the name of a nominee selected by it. Section 6. The Building Committee shall have supervision of the con- struction, reconstruction, and extension of any and all buildings used for Museum purposes. Section 7. The Executive Committee shall be called together from time to time as the Chairman may consider necessary, or as he may be requested to do by three members of the Committee, to act upon such matters affecting the administration of the Museum as cannot await consideration at the Regular Monthly Meetings of the Board of Trustees. It shall, before the beginning of each fiscal year, prepare and submit to the Board an itemized Budget, setting forth the probable receipts from all sources for the ensuing year, and make recom- mendations as to the expenditures which should be made for routine maintenance and fixed charges. Upon the adoption of the Budget by the Board, the expendi- tures stated are authorized. Section 8. The Auditing Committee shall have supervision over all account- ing and bookkeeping, and full control of the financial records. It shall cause the same, once each year, or oftener, to be examined by an expert individual or firm, and shall transmit the report of such expert individual or firm to the Board at the next ensuing regular meeting after such examination shall have taken place. Section 9. The Pension Committee shall determine by such means and processes as shall be established by the Board of Trustees to whom and in what amount the Pension Fund shall be distributed. These determinations or findings shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees. Section 10. The Chairman of each Committee shall report the acts and proceedings thereof at the next ensuing regular meeting of the Board. Section 11. The President shall be ex-ofRcio a member of all Committees and Chairman of the Executive Committee. Vacancies occurring in any Com- mittee may be filled by ballot at any regular meeting of the Board. ARTICLE IX nominating committee Section 1. At the November meeting of the Board each year, a Nomi- nating Committee of three shall be chosen by lot. Said Committee shall make nominations for membership of the Finance Committee, the Building Committee, the Auditing Committee, and the Pension Committee, and for three members of the Executive Committee, from among the Trustees, to be submitted at the ensuing December meeting and voted upon at the following Annual Meeting in January. ARTICLE X Section 1. Whenever the word "Museum" is employed in the By-Laws of the Corporation, it shall be taken to mean the building in which the Museum as an Institution is located and operated, the material exhibited, the material in study collections, or in storage, furniture, fixtures, cases, tools, records, books, and all appurtenances of the Institution and the workings, researches, installa- tions, expenditures, field work, laboratories, library, publications, lecture courses, and all scientific and maintenance activities. Section 2. The By-Laws, and likewise the Articles of Incorporation, may be amended at any regular meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote in favor thereof of not less than two-thirds of all the members present, provided the amendment shall have been proposed at a preceding regular meeting. 151 I i I UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 3 0112 084204988